Question 1

Which of the following is FALSE, based on this figure?

Accepted Answer

A) The majority of human introns are between 1-2 kb. 
B) Humans, nematodes, and fruit flies all have introns. 
C) Human introns are longer on average than nematode and fly introns. 
D) Nematode introns are longer than fruit fly introns. 
E) In general, there are few introns bigger than 30 kb. 
A) The majority of human introns are between 1-2 kb. 
B) Humans, nematodes, and fruit flies all have introns. 
C) Human introns are longer on average than nematode and fly introns. 
D) Nematode introns are longer than fruit fly introns. 
E) In general, there are few introns bigger than 30 kb. D

Question 2

You cloned a 2-kb fragment of DNA into a bacterial cloning vector and want to construct a restriction map of the insert.You amplify the 2-kb insert using PCR, purify it, and subject it to differential digestion with the enzymes EcoRI and HindIII, gel-fractionate the digests, and visualize the restriction patterns by staining the gels with ethidium bromide to generate the following results.Using these data, indicate the CORRECT order of restriction sites in the DNA insert.

Accepted Answer

A) EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI 
B) HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII 
C) HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII, HindIII, EcoRI 
D) HindIII, EcoRI, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI 
E) EcoRI, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII 
A) EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI 
B) HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII 
C) HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII, HindIII, EcoRI 
D) HindIII, EcoRI, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI 
E) EcoRI, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII A

Question 3

The set of all proteins encoded by the genome is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) genome. 
B) transcriptome. 
C) metabolome. 
D) proteome. 
E) glycome. 
A) genome. 
B) transcriptome. 
C) metabolome. 
D) proteome. 
E) glycome. D

Question 4

For a physical map of a chromosome, distances are measured in units of:

Accepted Answer

A) SNPs. 
B) RFLPs. 
C) centiMorgans. 
D) base pairs. 
E) contigs. 
A) SNPs. 
B) RFLPs. 
C) centiMorgans. 
D) base pairs. 
E) contigs.

Question 5

The following is a microarray that includes genes identified in breast cancer tumors.Why is this gene expression pattern important?   [Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd.L.J.van'T Veer et al., "Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer, " Nature 405:532.© 2002.]

Accepted Answer

A) It can tell us something about which genes are involved in more invasive or aggressive breast cancer. 
B) It can tell us the prognosis of new patients. 
C) It can tell us which mutations caused the cancer. 
D) It can show us which cDNA is better for diagnosing cancer. 
E) It can both tell us something about which genes are involved in more invasive or aggressive breast cancer and tell us the prognosis of new patients. 
A) It can tell us something about which genes are involved in more invasive or aggressive breast cancer. 
B) It can tell us the prognosis of new patients. 
C) It can tell us which mutations caused the cancer. 
D) It can show us which cDNA is better for diagnosing cancer. 
E) It can both tell us something about which genes are involved in more invasive or aggressive breast cancer and tell us the prognosis of new patients.

Question 6

Which of these is FALSE about the ENCODE project?

Accepted Answer

A) It was a 10-year project. 
B) Its purpose was to determine whether noncoding DNAs had a purpose. 
C) It concluded that ~80% of the human genome has some function. 
D) It concluded that all proteins are equally important. 
E) It concluded that some sequences are important for regulation even if they do not encode for genes. 
A) It was a 10-year project. 
B) Its purpose was to determine whether noncoding DNAs had a purpose. 
C) It concluded that ~80% of the human genome has some function. 
D) It concluded that all proteins are equally important. 
E) It concluded that some sequences are important for regulation even if they do not encode for genes.

Question 7

What is synthetic biology, and why is it a concern?

Accepted Answer

Synthetic biology allows the creation of

Question 8

The following microarray data are shown for four human genes.Two samples were hybridized to the microarray in this experiment.One sample was cDNA generated from mRNA of a tissue culture cell line that was originally derived from a B-cell leukemia.The other sample was cDNA generated from normal, mature neural tissue. - Vertical stripes mean hybridization to cancerous B-cell cDNA only.
- Horizontal stripes mean hybridization to normal neural cell cDNA only.
- Completely filled in means hybridization to both cDNA types.
- Blank means hybridization to neither cell's cDNA.   One spot on the microarray contains sequences unique to a gene for an RNA polymerase subunit.One spot contains sequences unique to the skeletal muscle myosin gene.Which spot would be expected to contain the myosin gene sequences?

Accepted Answer

A) Spot 1 
B) Spot 2 
C) Spot 3 
D) Spot 4 
E) None of the spots 
A) Spot 1 
B) Spot 2 
C) Spot 3 
D) Spot 4 
E) None of the spots

Question 9

Which of the following is a disadvantage of map-based sequencing over shotgun sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A) Map-based sequencing minimizes the amount of repeat sequencing in which the same region is sequenced several times. 
B) Map-based sequencing yields well-characterized physical maps as well as actual sequences. 
C) The relationship of overlapping fragments to sequences is known before sequencing begins. 
D) Map-based sequencing is more time-consuming because extensive mapping is required before sequencing starts. 
E) Restriction patterns can be used to identify overlapping clones. 
A) Map-based sequencing minimizes the amount of repeat sequencing in which the same region is sequenced several times. 
B) Map-based sequencing yields well-characterized physical maps as well as actual sequences. 
C) The relationship of overlapping fragments to sequences is known before sequencing begins. 
D) Map-based sequencing is more time-consuming because extensive mapping is required before sequencing starts. 
E) Restriction patterns can be used to identify overlapping clones.

Question 10

A section of a genome is cut with three enzymes: A, B, and C.Cutting with A and B yields a 10-kb fragment.Cutting with B and C yields a 2-kb fragment.What is the expected result from a digest with A and C, if the C site lies between the A and B sites?

Accepted Answer

A) A 12-kb fragment 
B) An 8-kb fragment 
C) An 8-kb and a 2-kb fragment 
D) A 10-kb and a 2-kb fragment 
E) A 10-kb, an 8-kb, and a 2-kb fragment 
A) A 12-kb fragment 
B) An 8-kb fragment 
C) An 8-kb and a 2-kb fragment 
D) A 10-kb and a 2-kb fragment 
E) A 10-kb, an 8-kb, and a 2-kb fragment

Question 11

If a restriction enzyme cuts a circular DNA into three fragments, how many restriction sites are there in the DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Two 
B) Three 
C) Four 
D) Six 
E) Five 
A) Two 
B) Three 
C) Four 
D) Six 
E) Five

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE of genetic maps?

Accepted Answer

A) They are derived from direct analysis of DNA. 
B) They are based on frequencies of recombination between loci. 
C) They have a high level of detail rivaling that of physical maps. 
D) They always accurately correspond to physical distances between genes. 
E) They are more accurate than physical maps. 
A) They are derived from direct analysis of DNA. 
B) They are based on frequencies of recombination between loci. 
C) They have a high level of detail rivaling that of physical maps. 
D) They always accurately correspond to physical distances between genes. 
E) They are more accurate than physical maps.

Question 13

For a genetic map of a chromosome, distances are measured in units of:

Accepted Answer

A) SNPs. 
B) RFLPs. 
C) centiMorgans. 
D) base pairs. 
E) contigs. 
A) SNPs. 
B) RFLPs. 
C) centiMorgans. 
D) base pairs. 
E) contigs.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic genomes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria can obtain new genetic information through horizontal gene transfer. 
B) All prokaryotes have a genome that consists of a single circular chromosome. 
C) Prokaryotes with the smallest genomes tend to be in species that occupy restricted habitats, such as bacteria that live inside other organisms. 
D) In many sequenced genomes, the function of a significant percentage of genes is currently unknown. 
E) The number of genes between species can vary from a few hundred to a few thousand. 
A) Bacteria can obtain new genetic information through horizontal gene transfer. 
B) All prokaryotes have a genome that consists of a single circular chromosome. 
C) Prokaryotes with the smallest genomes tend to be in species that occupy restricted habitats, such as bacteria that live inside other organisms. 
D) In many sequenced genomes, the function of a significant percentage of genes is currently unknown. 
E) The number of genes between species can vary from a few hundred to a few thousand.

Question 15

You cloned a 2-kb fragment of DNA into a bacterial cloning vector and want to construct a restriction map of the insert.You amplify the 2-kb insert using PCR, purify it, and subject it to differential digestion with the enzymes EcoRI and HindIII, gel-fractionate the digests, and visualize the restriction patterns by staining the gels with ethidium bromide to generate the following results.Using these data, which two loci would be CLOSEST on a genetic map if the frequency of crossing over is equal in this region?

Accepted Answer

A) The EcoRI sites that are 100 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM. 
B) The HindIII sites that are 750 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM. 
C) The HindIII site and the EcoRI site that are 200 bp apart would show the smallest distances in cM. 
D) The EcoRI site and the HindIII site that are 300 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM. 
E) The EcoRI sites that are 150 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM. 
A) The EcoRI sites that are 100 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM. 
B) The HindIII sites that are 750 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM. 
C) The HindIII site and the EcoRI site that are 200 bp apart would show the smallest distances in cM. 
D) The EcoRI site and the HindIII site that are 300 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM. 
E) The EcoRI sites that are 150 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM.

Question 16

The average gene in the human genome is approximately _____ base pairs in length.

Accepted Answer

A) 700 
B) 7000 
C) 17, 000 
D) 27, 000 
E) 57, 000 
A) 700 
B) 7000 
C) 17, 000 
D) 27, 000 
E) 57, 000

Question 17

A BLAST search is done to:

Accepted Answer

A) scan the database for a particular sequence. 
B) find the chromosomal location of a sequence. 
C) predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence. 
D) find restriction sites and SNPs in a sequence. 
E) determine the conditions under which a gene is expressed. 
A) scan the database for a particular sequence. 
B) find the chromosomal location of a sequence. 
C) predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence. 
D) find restriction sites and SNPs in a sequence. 
E) determine the conditions under which a gene is expressed.

Question 18

This following microarray, comparing normal and cancer cells shows that the:

Accepted Answer

A) top part of the panel are miRs overexpressed in cancer. 
B) top part of the panel are miRs under-expressed in normal cells. 
C) bottom part of the panel are miRs overexpressed in cancer. 
D) bottom part of the panel are miRs under expressed in normal cells. 
E) top part of the panel are miRs that are both overexpressed in cancer and under-expressed in normal cells. 
A) top part of the panel are miRs overexpressed in cancer. 
B) top part of the panel are miRs under-expressed in normal cells. 
C) bottom part of the panel are miRs overexpressed in cancer. 
D) bottom part of the panel are miRs under expressed in normal cells. 
E) top part of the panel are miRs that are both overexpressed in cancer and under-expressed in normal cells.

Question 19

The transcriptome of a genome contains more components than the proteome.Explain why this is TRUE.

Accepted Answer

The transcriptome includes all mRNAs tha

Question 20

In mass spectrometry, a molecule is ionized and its migration rate in an electrical field is determined.What information does the migration rate tell about the molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) It indicates mass because small molecules migrate more rapidly than larger molecules. 
B) It indicates electrical charge because negatively charged molecules migrate more rapidly than positively charged molecules. 
C) It indicates the solubility of the molecule because insoluble molecules form aggregates and migrate much slower than soluble molecules. 
D) It indicates the relative abundance of the molecules in the sample. 
E) It indicates the complexity of the proteome because greater proteome diversity takes a longer time to process. 
A) It indicates mass because small molecules migrate more rapidly than larger molecules. 
B) It indicates electrical charge because negatively charged molecules migrate more rapidly than positively charged molecules. 
C) It indicates the solubility of the molecule because insoluble molecules form aggregates and migrate much slower than soluble molecules. 
D) It indicates the relative abundance of the molecules in the sample. 
E) It indicates the complexity of the proteome because greater proteome diversity takes a longer time to process.

Which of the following is FALSE, based on this figure?

The set of all proteins encoded by the genome is called the:

For a physical map of a chromosome, distances are measured in units of:

Which of these is FALSE about the ENCODE project?

What is synthetic biology, and why is it a concern?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of map-based sequencing over shotgun sequencing?

A section of a genome is cut with three enzymes: A, B, and C.Cutting with A and B yields a 10-kb fragment.Cutting with B and C yields a 2-kb fragment.What is the expected result from a digest with A and C, if the C site lies between the A and B sites?

If a restriction enzyme cuts a circular DNA into three fragments, how many restriction sites are there in the DNA?

Which of the following is TRUE of genetic maps?

For a genetic map of a chromosome, distances are measured in units of:

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic genomes is FALSE?

The average gene in the human genome is approximately _____ base pairs in length.

A BLAST search is done to:

This following microarray, comparing normal and cancer cells shows that the:

The transcriptome of a genome contains more components than the proteome.Explain why this is TRUE.

In mass spectrometry, a molecule is ionized and its migration rate in an electrical field is determined.What information does the migration rate tell about the molecule?

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

Exam 15: Genomics and Proteomics

Which of the following is FALSE, based on this figure?

The set of all proteins encoded by the genome is called the:

For a physical map of a chromosome, distances are measured in units of:

Which of these is FALSE about the ENCODE project?

What is synthetic biology, and why is it a concern?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of map-based sequencing over shotgun sequencing?

A section of a genome is cut with three enzymes: A, B, and C.Cutting with A and B yields a 10-kb fragment.Cutting with B and C yields a 2-kb fragment.What is the expected result from a digest with A and C, if the C site lies between the A and B sites?

If a restriction enzyme cuts a circular DNA into three fragments, how many restriction sites are there in the DNA?

Which of the following is TRUE of genetic maps?

For a genetic map of a chromosome, distances are measured in units of:

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic genomes is FALSE?

The average gene in the human genome is approximately _____ base pairs in length.

A BLAST search is done to:

This following microarray, comparing normal and cancer cells shows that the:

The transcriptome of a genome contains more components than the proteome.Explain why this is TRUE.

In mass spectrometry, a molecule is ionized and its migration rate in an electrical field is determined.What information does the migration rate tell about the molecule?

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters