Question 1

The _____ is a type of regulator protein that binds to a region of DNA in the promoter of a gene called the operator and prevents transcription from taking place.

Accepted Answer

A) inducer 
B) repressor 
C) activator 
D) inactivator 
E) terminator 
A) inducer 
B) repressor 
C) activator 
D) inactivator 
E) terminator B

Question 2

Explain how DNA methylation is passed on to daughter cells.

Accepted Answer

Methylation of CpG sequences means that two methylated cytosine bases sit diagonally across from each other on opposing strands.Before replication, cytosine bases on both strands are methylated.Immediately after semiconservative replication, the cytosine base on the template strand will be methylated, but the cytosine base on the newly replicated strand will be unmethylated.Special methyltransferase enzymes recognize the hemimethylated state of CpG dinucleotides and add methyl groups to the unmethylated cytosine bases, creating two new DNA molecules that are fully methylated.In this way, the methylation pattern of DNA is maintained across cell division.

Question 3

An operon is controlled by a repressor.When the repressor binds to a small molecule, it is released from binding to DNA near the operon.The operon is never expressed if a mutation prevents the repressor from binding to the small molecule.The type of control illustrated is:

Accepted Answer

A) negative inducible. 
B) negative repressible. 
C) positive inducible. 
D) positive repressible. 
A) negative inducible. 
B) negative repressible. 
C) positive inducible. 
D) positive repressible. A

Question 4

Describe three important features that define paramutation.

Accepted Answer

(1)The newly established expression patt

Question 5

Which of the following terms is LEAST relevant to the assembly of basal transcription apparatus for transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) Core promoter 
B) General transcription factors 
C) TATA box 
D) RNA polymerase 
E) Enhancer 
A) Core promoter 
B) General transcription factors 
C) TATA box 
D) RNA polymerase 
E) Enhancer

Question 6

In Arabidopsis, FLD (a deacetylase enzyme)stimulates flowering.Which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) FLD deacetylates histones that bind to regions of FLC gene and stimulates its transcription. 
B) FLD deacetylates histones surrounding FLD gene, causing suppression of FLD transcription. 
C) FLD deacetylates histones that bind to FLC gene, causing repression of FLC transcription. 
D) FLD causes repression of FLC translation. 
A) FLD deacetylates histones that bind to regions of FLC gene and stimulates its transcription. 
B) FLD deacetylates histones surrounding FLD gene, causing suppression of FLD transcription. 
C) FLD deacetylates histones that bind to FLC gene, causing repression of FLC transcription. 
D) FLD causes repression of FLC translation.

Question 7

How does DNA methylation contribute to the repression of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The methyl group of 5-methylcytosine sit

Question 8

After translation, eukaryotic proteins can be modified by:

Accepted Answer

A) acetylation. 
B) the addition of phosphate groups. 
C) the removal of amino acids. 
D) the addition of methyl groups. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) acetylation. 
B) the addition of phosphate groups. 
C) the removal of amino acids. 
D) the addition of methyl groups. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

mRNAs are degraded by enzymes called:

Accepted Answer

A) DNAse I. 
B) ribozymes. 
C) heat-shock proteins. 
D) silencers. 
E) ribonucleases. 
A) DNAse I. 
B) ribozymes. 
C) heat-shock proteins. 
D) silencers. 
E) ribonucleases.

Question 10

What is the function of cAMP in regulation of the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

A) It activates a repressor protein. 
B) It activates an activator protein. 
C) It inactivates a repressor protein. 
D) It inactivates an activator protein. 
E) It activates both a repressor protein and an activator protein. 
A) It activates a repressor protein. 
B) It activates an activator protein. 
C) It inactivates a repressor protein. 
D) It inactivates an activator protein. 
E) It activates both a repressor protein and an activator protein.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about regulation of gene expression is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) An inducible gene is transcribed when a specific substance is absent. 
B) A gene is any DNA sequence that is transcribed into an mRNA molecule only. 
C) All genes are transcribed at all times as long as they have a functional promoter. 
D) The regulation of gene expression is the same in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 
E) The regulation of gene expression is critical for the control of life processes in all organisms. 
A) An inducible gene is transcribed when a specific substance is absent. 
B) A gene is any DNA sequence that is transcribed into an mRNA molecule only. 
C) All genes are transcribed at all times as long as they have a functional promoter. 
D) The regulation of gene expression is the same in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 
E) The regulation of gene expression is critical for the control of life processes in all organisms.

Question 12

Which of the following types of eukaryotic gene regulation is at the level of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Alternation of chromatin structure 
B) mRNA processing 
C) RNA interference 
D) mRNA stability 
E) Post-translational modification 
A) Alternation of chromatin structure 
B) mRNA processing 
C) RNA interference 
D) mRNA stability 
E) Post-translational modification

Question 13

Which of the following statements about histone and gene expression is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) In a general sense, highly condensed DNA bound with histone proteins represses gene expression. 
B) Acetylation involves the addition of acetyl groups to histone proteins, and it usually results in repression of transcription. 
C) Addition of methyl groups to the tails of histone proteins always results in activation of transcription. 
D) Histone code is referring to the modification that takes place on the globular domain of the octomeric histone core. 
E) All statements above are correct. 
A) In a general sense, highly condensed DNA bound with histone proteins represses gene expression. 
B) Acetylation involves the addition of acetyl groups to histone proteins, and it usually results in repression of transcription. 
C) Addition of methyl groups to the tails of histone proteins always results in activation of transcription. 
D) Histone code is referring to the modification that takes place on the globular domain of the octomeric histone core. 
E) All statements above are correct.

Question 14

In the experiments described in the text, Jacob and Monad deciphered that the lacI+ gene product can function in trans and regulate the lac operon either on the plasmid or on the chromosome.What genotype of the partial diploid bacterial strain was key to their experiments, leading them to such a conclusion? Explain why this strain helped them to reach that conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A partial diploid strain with the genoty

Question 15

Compare the effects of environment on the epigenetics of glucocorticoid receptor expression in mice and humans.

Accepted Answer

A mother rat licks and grooms her offspr

Question 16

A promoter that affects only genes that are on the same piece of DNA is referred to as a _____-acting promoter.

Accepted Answer

A) cis 
B) trans 
C) positive 
D) negative 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) cis 
B) trans 
C) positive 
D) negative 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 17

When a structural gene is under negative inducible control, what would be the result of a mutation that eliminates the repressor protein?

Accepted Answer

A) The structural gene will be constitutively expressed due to the lack of negative inducible control. 
B) The transcription of the structural gene will not be affected, as a repressor is not required. 
C) The mutation will lead to activation of an activator upon the lack of a repressor protein, which will allow the transcription to continue. 
D) As the transcription will require a repressor protein, the transcription will be turned off. 
E) More cAMP will be produced in a cell to compensate for the lack of a repressor protein. 
A) The structural gene will be constitutively expressed due to the lack of negative inducible control. 
B) The transcription of the structural gene will not be affected, as a repressor is not required. 
C) The mutation will lead to activation of an activator upon the lack of a repressor protein, which will allow the transcription to continue. 
D) As the transcription will require a repressor protein, the transcription will be turned off. 
E) More cAMP will be produced in a cell to compensate for the lack of a repressor protein.

Question 18

Describe one similarity and one difference in how the Trp and Lac repressor proteins function.

Accepted Answer

Similarity: • Both bind operator sequenc

Question 19

RITS consists of:

Accepted Answer

A) siRNAs and proteins. 
B) miRNAs and proteins. 
C) RISCs and mRNAs. 
D) methyl groups and histone proteins. 
E) DNA, histone proteins, and mRNAs. 
A) siRNAs and proteins. 
B) miRNAs and proteins. 
C) RISCs and mRNAs. 
D) methyl groups and histone proteins. 
E) DNA, histone proteins, and mRNAs.

Question 20

Imagine the following scenario: You take the regulatory region of the trp operon (including the promoter, operator, and 5' UTR)and attach it upstream of the structural genes of the lac operon.You then introduce this artificial construct into a mutant in which the lac operon is completely nonfunctional.Indicate the level of $\beta$-galactosidase activity in each of the following cases and explain why you expect that level of activity:
a.No tryptophan, no lactose
b.High tryptophan, high lactose

Accepted Answer

a.In the artificial construct, the norma

The _____ is a type of regulator protein that binds to a region of DNA in the promoter of a gene called the operator and prevents transcription from taking place.

Explain how DNA methylation is passed on to daughter cells.

An operon is controlled by a repressor.When the repressor binds to a small molecule, it is released from binding to DNA near the operon.The operon is never expressed if a mutation prevents the repressor from binding to the small molecule.The type of control illustrated is:

Describe three important features that define paramutation.

Which of the following terms is LEAST relevant to the assembly of basal transcription apparatus for transcription?

In Arabidopsis, FLD (a deacetylase enzyme)stimulates flowering.Which of the following is TRUE?

How does DNA methylation contribute to the repression of transcription?

After translation, eukaryotic proteins can be modified by:

mRNAs are degraded by enzymes called:

What is the function of cAMP in regulation of the lac operon?

Which of the following statements about regulation of gene expression is CORRECT?

Which of the following types of eukaryotic gene regulation is at the level of DNA?

Which of the following statements about histone and gene expression is CORRECT?

Compare the effects of environment on the epigenetics of glucocorticoid receptor expression in mice and humans.

A promoter that affects only genes that are on the same piece of DNA is referred to as a _____-acting promoter.

When a structural gene is under negative inducible control, what would be the result of a mutation that eliminates the repressor protein?

Describe one similarity and one difference in how the Trp and Lac repressor proteins function.

RITS consists of:

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

Exam 12: Control of Gene Expression

The _____ is a type of regulator protein that binds to a region of DNA in the promoter of a gene called the operator and prevents transcription from taking place.

Explain how DNA methylation is passed on to daughter cells.

An operon is controlled by a repressor.When the repressor binds to a small molecule, it is released from binding to DNA near the operon.The operon is never expressed if a mutation prevents the repressor from binding to the small molecule.The type of control illustrated is:

Describe three important features that define paramutation.

Which of the following terms is LEAST relevant to the assembly of basal transcription apparatus for transcription?

In Arabidopsis, FLD (a deacetylase enzyme)stimulates flowering.Which of the following is TRUE?

How does DNA methylation contribute to the repression of transcription?

After translation, eukaryotic proteins can be modified by:

mRNAs are degraded by enzymes called:

What is the function of cAMP in regulation of the lac operon?

Which of the following statements about regulation of gene expression is CORRECT?

Which of the following types of eukaryotic gene regulation is at the level of DNA?

Which of the following statements about histone and gene expression is CORRECT?

Compare the effects of environment on the epigenetics of glucocorticoid receptor expression in mice and humans.

A promoter that affects only genes that are on the same piece of DNA is referred to as a _____-acting promoter.

When a structural gene is under negative inducible control, what would be the result of a mutation that eliminates the repressor protein?

Describe one similarity and one difference in how the Trp and Lac repressor proteins function.

RITS consists of:

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters