Question 1

Which of the following statements about somatic mutations is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Some may give rise to cancers in humans and other animals. 
B) They may be inherited by daughter cells after cell division. 
C) They may result in inactive gene products of the mutated genes. 
D) They may result from both frameshift and base-pair substitution mutations. 
E) They may be inherited in the offspring of mutated individuals. 
A) Some may give rise to cancers in humans and other animals. 
B) They may be inherited by daughter cells after cell division. 
C) They may result in inactive gene products of the mutated genes. 
D) They may result from both frameshift and base-pair substitution mutations. 
E) They may be inherited in the offspring of mutated individuals. E

Question 2

A codon for the amino acid serine undergoes a transversion so that it now codes for threonine.A transversion at a different site in the same codon then suppresses the first mutation.Give the nucleotides in the original codon, the transition mutation, and the transversion suppressor.(Note: There are two possible answers.)

Accepted Answer

AGC (serine)$\rightarrow$ACC (threonine)$\rightarrow$UCC (serine) AGU (serine)$\rightarrow$ ACU (threonine)$\rightarrow$ UCU (serine)

Question 3

Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism that is inherited in humans as an autosomal dominant.A survey in a small country showed that, within a 2-year period, there were 12 children with normal parents born with this disorder out of a total of 420, 000 births.What is the mutation rate in mutations/locus/generation?

Accepted Answer

A) 1)4 × 10-5 
B) 2)8 × 10-6 
C) 2)5 × 10-5 
D) 2)8 × 10-5 
E) 7)4 × 10-6 
A) 1)4 × 10-5 
B) 2)8 × 10-6 
C) 2)5 × 10-5 
D) 2)8 × 10-5 
E) 7)4 × 10-6 A

Question 4

Transposable elements are found:

Accepted Answer

A) mainly in higher plants. 
B) mainly in animals, particularly in mammals. 
C) mainly in eukaryotes. 
D) mainly in prokaryotes. 
E) in practically all organisms. 
A) mainly in higher plants. 
B) mainly in animals, particularly in mammals. 
C) mainly in eukaryotes. 
D) mainly in prokaryotes. 
E) in practically all organisms.

Question 5

Which of the following is characteristic of retrotransposons?

Accepted Answer

A) They use transposase to transpose to new sites. 
B) They have inverted repeats at each of their ends. 
C) They transpose through an RNA intermediate. 
D) They make transposase. 
E) They are found only in prokaryotes. 
A) They use transposase to transpose to new sites. 
B) They have inverted repeats at each of their ends. 
C) They transpose through an RNA intermediate. 
D) They make transposase. 
E) They are found only in prokaryotes.

Question 6

The tinman mutation discovered in Drosophila is an example of how a geneticist can use mutants to study their effects on:

Accepted Answer

A) gene expression. 
B) a biological system. 
C) missense mutations. 
D) genetic suppression. 
E) normal development. 
A) gene expression. 
B) a biological system. 
C) missense mutations. 
D) genetic suppression. 
E) normal development.

Question 7

How do intergenic and intragenic suppressor mutations differ?

Accepted Answer

Intergenic suppressor mutations are supp

Question 8

Assume that during DNA replication in a bacterium a mistake is made and a G is inserted into the newly synthesized DNA strand opposite a T in the template DNA strand.If this mistake is not repaired before the next round of DNA replication, what mutation will eventually result?

Accepted Answer

A) A-to-G base substitution 
B) A-to-C base substitution 
C) A-to-T base substitution 
D) G-to-A base substitution 
E) C-to-A base substitution 
A) A-to-G base substitution 
B) A-to-C base substitution 
C) A-to-T base substitution 
D) G-to-A base substitution 
E) C-to-A base substitution

Question 9

Most transposable elements are flanked by direct DNA repeats.What is the significance of these direct repeats?

Accepted Answer

The direct repeats indicate that stagger

Question 10

Assume you are a geneticist and you're asked to examine the effects of a radiation leak that occurred at a facility in Iraq several years ago.How would you assess the level of mutations caused by this leak?

Accepted Answer

Compare the rates of cancer, gene mutati

Question 11

Which of the following characterizes the mode of transposition of retrotransposons?

Accepted Answer

A) It involves an RNA intermediate. 
B) It involves the initial synthesis of transposase. 
C) It involves the production of a protein repressor. 
D) It only occurs in nondividing host genomes. 
E) It requires inverted repeats at each end of the retrotransposon. 
A) It involves an RNA intermediate. 
B) It involves the initial synthesis of transposase. 
C) It involves the production of a protein repressor. 
D) It only occurs in nondividing host genomes. 
E) It requires inverted repeats at each end of the retrotransposon.

Question 12

What is the difference between a mutagen and a carcinogen?

Accepted Answer

A mutagen is any agent that causes an in

Question 13

Which of the following is a form of direct DNA repair?

Accepted Answer

A) Base-excision repair 
B) Nucleotide excision repair 
C) Homologous recombination 
D) Mismatch repair 
E) Photoreactivation 
A) Base-excision repair 
B) Nucleotide excision repair 
C) Homologous recombination 
D) Mismatch repair 
E) Photoreactivation

Question 14

Which of the following types of mutations does NOT lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of the gene product?

Accepted Answer

A) Missense 
B) Nonsense 
C) Neutral 
D) Silent 
E) Loss-of-function 
A) Missense 
B) Nonsense 
C) Neutral 
D) Silent 
E) Loss-of-function

Question 15

What is an evolutionary consequence of transposable elements?

Accepted Answer

A) Transposons play a large role in the expansion of eukaryotic genomes in size. 
B) Transposons are involved in extensive genome rearrangements. 
C) Transposon insertions can cause new DNA sequences that alter gene expression patterns. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) Transposons play a large role in the expansion of eukaryotic genomes in size. 
B) Transposons are involved in extensive genome rearrangements. 
C) Transposon insertions can cause new DNA sequences that alter gene expression patterns. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

An example of a genetic disorder in humans that results from a loss-of-function mutation is:

Accepted Answer

A) cystic fibrosis. 
B) achondroplasia. 
C) Huntington disease. 
D) myotonic dystrophy. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) cystic fibrosis. 
B) achondroplasia. 
C) Huntington disease. 
D) myotonic dystrophy. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 17

Insertion or removal of one or more nucleotide base pairs in DNA within a gene often results in a _____ mutation.

Accepted Answer

A) transition 
B) frameshift 
C) reversion 
D) transversion 
E) suppressor 
A) transition 
B) frameshift 
C) reversion 
D) transversion 
E) suppressor

Question 18

Which of the following base changes in DNA is an example of a transition?

Accepted Answer

A) A-to-C 
B) G-to-C 
C) C-to-A 
D) A-to-G 
E) A-to-T 
A) A-to-C 
B) G-to-C 
C) C-to-A 
D) A-to-G 
E) A-to-T

Question 19

The disorder xeroderma pigmentosum is associated with a defect in what type of DNA repair system?

Accepted Answer

A) Mismatch repair 
B) Base-excision repair 
C) Reactivation 
D) Nucleotide-excision repair 
E) Homologous recombination 
A) Mismatch repair 
B) Base-excision repair 
C) Reactivation 
D) Nucleotide-excision repair 
E) Homologous recombination

Question 20

It is estimated that transposable elements compose approximately what percent of the human genome?

Accepted Answer

A) <1% 
B) 1% 
C) 10% 
D) 50% 
E) 99% 
A) <1% 
B) 1% 
C) 10% 
D) 50% 
E) 99%

Which of the following statements about somatic mutations is FALSE?

Transposable elements are found:

Which of the following is characteristic of retrotransposons?

The tinman mutation discovered in Drosophila is an example of how a geneticist can use mutants to study their effects on:

How do intergenic and intragenic suppressor mutations differ?

Assume that during DNA replication in a bacterium a mistake is made and a G is inserted into the newly synthesized DNA strand opposite a T in the template DNA strand.If this mistake is not repaired before the next round of DNA replication, what mutation will eventually result?

Most transposable elements are flanked by direct DNA repeats.What is the significance of these direct repeats?

Assume you are a geneticist and you're asked to examine the effects of a radiation leak that occurred at a facility in Iraq several years ago.How would you assess the level of mutations caused by this leak?

Which of the following characterizes the mode of transposition of retrotransposons?

What is the difference between a mutagen and a carcinogen?

Which of the following is a form of direct DNA repair?

Which of the following types of mutations does NOT lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of the gene product?

What is an evolutionary consequence of transposable elements?

An example of a genetic disorder in humans that results from a loss-of-function mutation is:

Insertion or removal of one or more nucleotide base pairs in DNA within a gene often results in a _____ mutation.

Which of the following base changes in DNA is an example of a transition?

The disorder xeroderma pigmentosum is associated with a defect in what type of DNA repair system?

It is estimated that transposable elements compose approximately what percent of the human genome?

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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Exam 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Which of the following statements about somatic mutations is FALSE?

Transposable elements are found:

Which of the following is characteristic of retrotransposons?

The tinman mutation discovered in Drosophila is an example of how a geneticist can use mutants to study their effects on:

How do intergenic and intragenic suppressor mutations differ?

Assume that during DNA replication in a bacterium a mistake is made and a G is inserted into the newly synthesized DNA strand opposite a T in the template DNA strand.If this mistake is not repaired before the next round of DNA replication, what mutation will eventually result?

Most transposable elements are flanked by direct DNA repeats.What is the significance of these direct repeats?

Assume you are a geneticist and you're asked to examine the effects of a radiation leak that occurred at a facility in Iraq several years ago.How would you assess the level of mutations caused by this leak?

Which of the following characterizes the mode of transposition of retrotransposons?

What is the difference between a mutagen and a carcinogen?

Which of the following is a form of direct DNA repair?

Which of the following types of mutations does NOT lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of the gene product?

What is an evolutionary consequence of transposable elements?

An example of a genetic disorder in humans that results from a loss-of-function mutation is:

Insertion or removal of one or more nucleotide base pairs in DNA within a gene often results in a _____ mutation.

Which of the following base changes in DNA is an example of a transition?

The disorder xeroderma pigmentosum is associated with a defect in what type of DNA repair system?

It is estimated that transposable elements compose approximately what percent of the human genome?

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters