Question 1

The graph below shows how yield in two varieties of corn respond to different environmental conditions.Which statement below is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Under tested conditions, variety 1 has a higher yield than variety 2. 
B) Under tested conditions, variety 2 has a higher yield than variety 1. 
C) Under tested conditions, variety 2 is more sensitive to environment quality than variety 1. 
D) Variety 1 is genetically superior to variety 2. 
E) Variety 2 is genetically superior to variety 1. 
A) Under tested conditions, variety 1 has a higher yield than variety 2. 
B) Under tested conditions, variety 2 has a higher yield than variety 1. 
C) Under tested conditions, variety 2 is more sensitive to environment quality than variety 1. 
D) Variety 1 is genetically superior to variety 2. 
E) Variety 2 is genetically superior to variety 1. C

Question 2

Realized heritability experiments were conducted on three bristle-associated traits in fruit flies, with the following R (response to selection)and S (selection differential)values estimated.Which of these traits has the HIGHEST narrow-sense heritability?

Accepted Answer

A) Trait A 
B) Trait B 
C) Trait C 
D) Traits A and B have the same (i.e., high)narrow-sense heritability values. 
E) Traits B and C have the same (i.e., high)narrow-sense heritability values. 
A) Trait A 
B) Trait B 
C) Trait C 
D) Traits A and B have the same (i.e., high)narrow-sense heritability values. 
E) Traits B and C have the same (i.e., high)narrow-sense heritability values. E

Question 3

You and a close friend from the University of Tennessee go hiking in the mountains.You are surprised to see a salamander that is bright orange in color.Thinking that some overzealous Tennessee fans have painted this particular amphibian, you walk on.As you continue your hike, you find other salamanders of this species and note that there is variation in the coloration: some individuals are bright orange, but others are drab in color.You also note that these salamanders often eat bright orange insects.How might you explain the presence of the color polymorphism in this salamander species?

Accepted Answer

An obvious hypothesis is that the variation comes from the fact that there is variation in what salamanders eat.This would imply that the variance is totally environmental: the orange salamanders ate orange bugs and turned orange.You can test to see if the coloration is environmental by doing a common garden experiment in which you feed an experimental group of salamanders the orange bugs and see if they all turn orange (an environmental effect).If they do not, at least some of the coloration variation is due to genetics.

Question 4

Phenotypic variation in a trait is often represented as a _____, which graphs the number of each phenotypic class in a sample.

Accepted Answer

A) bimodal distribution 
B) frequency distribution 
C) regression line 
D) correlation 
E) variance plot 
A) bimodal distribution 
B) frequency distribution 
C) regression line 
D) correlation 
E) variance plot

Question 5

_____ is a way to measure the strength of the association between two variables.

Accepted Answer

A) Regression 
B) Covariance 
C) Correlation 
D) Variance 
E) Standard deviation 
A) Regression 
B) Covariance 
C) Correlation 
D) Variance 
E) Standard deviation

Question 6

Which of the following statements about heritability is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) An individual does not have heritability. 
B) Some individuals have higher heritability than others. 
C) Heritability values may vary even for the same trait. 
D) Environment may influence the trait even if heritability values are very high. 
E) Traits with low heritability values are influenced by the environment to a larger extent than traits with high heritability values. 
A) An individual does not have heritability. 
B) Some individuals have higher heritability than others. 
C) Heritability values may vary even for the same trait. 
D) Environment may influence the trait even if heritability values are very high. 
E) Traits with low heritability values are influenced by the environment to a larger extent than traits with high heritability values.

Question 7

A population may eventually stop responding to artificial selection because:

Accepted Answer

A) individuals in the population have become homozygous for the alleles responsible for the trait. 
B) natural selection opposes any further change in the characteristic. 
C) natural selection can no longer enhance the results of artificial selection. 
D) individuals in the population have become homozygous for the alleles responsible for the trait and natural selection opposes any further change in the characteristic. 
E) individuals in the population have become homozygous for the alleles responsible for the trait and natural selection can no longer enhance the results of artificial selection. 
A) individuals in the population have become homozygous for the alleles responsible for the trait. 
B) natural selection opposes any further change in the characteristic. 
C) natural selection can no longer enhance the results of artificial selection. 
D) individuals in the population have become homozygous for the alleles responsible for the trait and natural selection opposes any further change in the characteristic. 
E) individuals in the population have become homozygous for the alleles responsible for the trait and natural selection can no longer enhance the results of artificial selection.

Question 8

Which of the following traits is likely to have QTLs influencing that characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood pressure in humans 
B) Height in humans 
C) Muscle mass in humans 
D) All of these traits are correct. 
E) Only blood pressure and muscle mass in humans are correct. 
A) Blood pressure in humans 
B) Height in humans 
C) Muscle mass in humans 
D) All of these traits are correct. 
E) Only blood pressure and muscle mass in humans are correct.

Question 9

_____ can cause a single genotype to produce a range of potential phenotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) Epistasis 
B) Genetic variance 
C) Threshold effects 
D) Environmental effects 
E) Heritability 
A) Epistasis 
B) Genetic variance 
C) Threshold effects 
D) Environmental effects 
E) Heritability

Question 10

Narrow-sense heritability of height in humans was estimated at about 0.8.What does that tell us about the trait in a group of 100 students?

Accepted Answer

A) That 80 of students will be tall 
B) That 20 of the students will be tall 
C) That at least 20 of them will have medium-to-tall height variation 
D) That 20% of variation of this trait can be attributed to additive genetic variance 
E) That 80% of variation of this trait can be attributed to additive genetic variance 
A) That 80 of students will be tall 
B) That 20 of the students will be tall 
C) That at least 20 of them will have medium-to-tall height variation 
D) That 20% of variation of this trait can be attributed to additive genetic variance 
E) That 80% of variation of this trait can be attributed to additive genetic variance

Question 11

A series of experiments shows that oil content in a diploid grain is influenced by five genes (a through e)with additive alleles.The highest producing strain is 20% oil content; the lowest has close to 0%.A plant of unknown genotype has an oil content of 12%.What is a possible genotype for this plant? (+ = additive alleles)

Accepted Answer

A) a+a+b+b+c+c+d+de+e 
B) a+a+b+b+ ccddee 
C) a+a+b+bccddee 
D) aab+bc+cd+d+e+e+ 
E) a+a+b+b+c+c+d+dee 
A) a+a+b+b+c+c+d+de+e 
B) a+a+b+b+ ccddee 
C) a+a+b+bccddee 
D) aab+bc+cd+d+e+e+ 
E) a+a+b+b+c+c+d+dee

Question 12

Which of the following statements about realized heritability is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) Realized heritability can be estimated as a ratio between values of genetic variance (VG)and selection differential (S)(e.g., VG /S). 
B) Realized heritability can be estimated as a product of two values, response to selection (R)and selection differential (S)(e.g., R × S). 
C) Selection differential (S)is directly correlated with the environmental variance VE. 
D) Response to selection (R)is influenced in part by the ratio between narrow-sense heritability (h2)and total phenotypic variance VP. 
E) Selection differential (S)can be estimated as a ratio between values of response to selection (R)and realized heritability (h2)(e.g., R/ h2). 
A) Realized heritability can be estimated as a ratio between values of genetic variance (VG)and selection differential (S)(e.g., VG /S). 
B) Realized heritability can be estimated as a product of two values, response to selection (R)and selection differential (S)(e.g., R × S). 
C) Selection differential (S)is directly correlated with the environmental variance VE. 
D) Response to selection (R)is influenced in part by the ratio between narrow-sense heritability (h2)and total phenotypic variance VP. 
E) Selection differential (S)can be estimated as a ratio between values of response to selection (R)and realized heritability (h2)(e.g., R/ h2).

Question 13

The following narrow-sense heritability values were estimated for the same trait in three populations: 0.3, 0.6, and 0.8 for populations A, B, and C, respectively.Which of these populations will likely respond better to (the same)selection experiments?

Accepted Answer

A) Population A 
B) Population B 
C) Population C 
D) All of these populations will respond in a similar manner. 
E) This cannot be determined from the information given. 
A) Population A 
B) Population B 
C) Population C 
D) All of these populations will respond in a similar manner. 
E) This cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 14

_____ is also called the average.

Accepted Answer

A) Mean 
B) Standard deviation 
C) Variance 
D) Correlation coefficient 
E) Narrow-sense heritability 
A) Mean 
B) Standard deviation 
C) Variance 
D) Correlation coefficient 
E) Narrow-sense heritability

Question 15

In wheat, kernel color is determined by additive alleles at two unlinked loci.If two plants with red kernels, heterozygous at both loci, are crossed, what fraction of the offspring is expected to have phenotypes the most distinct from parental color?

Accepted Answer

A) 1/16 
B) 2/16 
C) 4/16 
D) 6/16 
E) 10/16 
A) 1/16 
B) 2/16 
C) 4/16 
D) 6/16 
E) 10/16

Question 16

Which of the following statements about plant height heritability is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) In plant height experiments, estimates of heritability under the same light/humidity conditions will be the same regardless of the genotypes of parents. 
B) In plant height experiments, estimates of heritability under the same light conditions will be the same regardless of the humidity values. 
C) Heritability values will become larger as the plants themselves get older. 
D) Estimates of plant height heritability may vary under different growing conditions, including changes in light/humidity. 
E) A difference in heritability between two plant populations indicates that genetic factors only influence plant height in one of the populations. 
A) In plant height experiments, estimates of heritability under the same light/humidity conditions will be the same regardless of the genotypes of parents. 
B) In plant height experiments, estimates of heritability under the same light conditions will be the same regardless of the humidity values. 
C) Heritability values will become larger as the plants themselves get older. 
D) Estimates of plant height heritability may vary under different growing conditions, including changes in light/humidity. 
E) A difference in heritability between two plant populations indicates that genetic factors only influence plant height in one of the populations.

Question 17

Realized heritability experiments were conducted on three bristle-associated traits in fruit flies, with the following h2 (realized heritability)and S (selection differential)values estimated.Which of these traits has the LOWEST response to selection (R)value?

Accepted Answer

A) Trait A 
B) Trait B 
C) Trait C 
D) Traits A and B have the same (i.e., low)response to selection values. 
E) Traits B and C have the same (i.e., low)response to selection values. 
A) Trait A 
B) Trait B 
C) Trait C 
D) Traits A and B have the same (i.e., low)response to selection values. 
E) Traits B and C have the same (i.e., low)response to selection values.

Question 18

Genetic variance is comprised of all of the following components EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) additive genetic variance. 
B) dominance genetic variance. 
C) broad-sense heritability. 
D) genic interaction variance. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) additive genetic variance. 
B) dominance genetic variance. 
C) broad-sense heritability. 
D) genic interaction variance. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about realized heritability is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Realized heritability can be estimated as a ratio between values of response to selection (R)and selection differential (S)(e.g., R/S). 
B) Realized heritability can be estimated as a product of two values, response to selection (R)and selection differential (S)(e.g., R * S). 
C) Response to selection (R)is influenced in part by narrow-sense heritability value. 
D) Response to selection (R)is influenced in part by the magnitude of difference between the mean phenotype of selected parents and the mean phenotype of original population 
E) Selection differential (S)can be estimated as a product between values of response to selection (R)and realized heritability (h2)(e.g., R * h2) 
A) Realized heritability can be estimated as a ratio between values of response to selection (R)and selection differential (S)(e.g., R/S). 
B) Realized heritability can be estimated as a product of two values, response to selection (R)and selection differential (S)(e.g., R * S). 
C) Response to selection (R)is influenced in part by narrow-sense heritability value. 
D) Response to selection (R)is influenced in part by the magnitude of difference between the mean phenotype of selected parents and the mean phenotype of original population 
E) Selection differential (S)can be estimated as a product between values of response to selection (R)and realized heritability (h2)(e.g., R * h2)

Question 20

Unlike most examples of this trait, the height characteristic that Mendel studied in pea plants exhibited _____ variation.

Accepted Answer

A) continuous 
B) discontinuous 
C) meristic 
D) threshold 
E) quantitative 
A) continuous 
B) discontinuous 
C) meristic 
D) threshold 
E) quantitative

The graph below shows how yield in two varieties of corn respond to different environmental conditions.Which statement below is TRUE?

Realized heritability experiments were conducted on three bristle-associated traits in fruit flies, with the following R (response to selection)and S (selection differential)values estimated.Which of these traits has the HIGHEST narrow-sense heritability?

Phenotypic variation in a trait is often represented as a _____, which graphs the number of each phenotypic class in a sample.

_____ is a way to measure the strength of the association between two variables.

Which of the following statements about heritability is NOT correct?

A population may eventually stop responding to artificial selection because:

Which of the following traits is likely to have QTLs influencing that characteristic?

_____ can cause a single genotype to produce a range of potential phenotypes.

Narrow-sense heritability of height in humans was estimated at about 0.8.What does that tell us about the trait in a group of 100 students?

Which of the following statements about realized heritability is CORRECT?

The following narrow-sense heritability values were estimated for the same trait in three populations: 0.3, 0.6, and 0.8 for populations A, B, and C, respectively.Which of these populations will likely respond better to (the same)selection experiments?

_____ is also called the average.

In wheat, kernel color is determined by additive alleles at two unlinked loci.If two plants with red kernels, heterozygous at both loci, are crossed, what fraction of the offspring is expected to have phenotypes the most distinct from parental color?

Which of the following statements about plant height heritability is CORRECT?

Realized heritability experiments were conducted on three bristle-associated traits in fruit flies, with the following h² (realized heritability)and S (selection differential)values estimated.Which of these traits has the LOWEST response to selection (R)value?

Genetic variance is comprised of all of the following components EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements about realized heritability is NOT correct?

Unlike most examples of this trait, the height characteristic that Mendel studied in pea plants exhibited _____ variation.

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

Exam 17: Quantitative Genetics

The graph below shows how yield in two varieties of corn respond to different environmental conditions.Which statement below is TRUE?

Realized heritability experiments were conducted on three bristle-associated traits in fruit flies, with the following R (response to selection)and S (selection differential)values estimated.Which of these traits has the HIGHEST narrow-sense heritability?

Phenotypic variation in a trait is often represented as a _____, which graphs the number of each phenotypic class in a sample.

_____ is a way to measure the strength of the association between two variables.

Which of the following statements about heritability is NOT correct?

A population may eventually stop responding to artificial selection because:

Which of the following traits is likely to have QTLs influencing that characteristic?

_____ can cause a single genotype to produce a range of potential phenotypes.

Narrow-sense heritability of height in humans was estimated at about 0.8.What does that tell us about the trait in a group of 100 students?

Which of the following statements about realized heritability is CORRECT?

The following narrow-sense heritability values were estimated for the same trait in three populations: 0.3, 0.6, and 0.8 for populations A, B, and C, respectively.Which of these populations will likely respond better to (the same)selection experiments?

_____ is also called the average.

In wheat, kernel color is determined by additive alleles at two unlinked loci.If two plants with red kernels, heterozygous at both loci, are crossed, what fraction of the offspring is expected to have phenotypes the most distinct from parental color?

Which of the following statements about plant height heritability is CORRECT?

Realized heritability experiments were conducted on three bristle-associated traits in fruit flies, with the following h2 (realized heritability)and S (selection differential)values estimated.Which of these traits has the LOWEST response to selection (R)value?

Genetic variance is comprised of all of the following components EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements about realized heritability is NOT correct?

Unlike most examples of this trait, the height characteristic that Mendel studied in pea plants exhibited _____ variation.

Introduction to Genetics

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction

Basic Principles of Heredity

Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping

Chromosome Variation

Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

DNA- the Chemical Nature of the Gene

DNA Replication and Recombination

From DNA to Proteins- Transcription and Rna Processing

From DNA to Protein- Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and Dna Repair

Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology

Genomics and Proteomics

Cancer Genetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

Realized heritability experiments were conducted on three bristle-associated traits in fruit flies, with the following h² (realized heritability)and S (selection differential)values estimated.Which of these traits has the LOWEST response to selection (R)value?