Question 1

What does it mean for a category to have graded membership?

Accepted Answer

A)  All members are leveled or graded. 
B)  Some members of a category are better members than others. 
C)  All members of a category are equal, but some are more equal than others. 
D)  There is a slope of category acquisition during critical developmental periods. 
A)  All members are leveled or graded. 
B)  Some members of a category are better members than others. 
C)  All members of a category are equal, but some are more equal than others. 
D)  There is a slope of category acquisition during critical developmental periods.

Question 2

What are some basic characteristics of most human categories?

Accepted Answer

Human categories, also known as social c

Question 3

Which schema process changes the surface form of information into its underlying meaning?

Accepted Answer

A)  selection 
B)  interpretation 
C) abstraction 
D)  integration 
A)  selection 
B)  interpretation 
C) abstraction 
D)  integration

Question 4

For exemplar models of categorization, a category __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is defined by a single representation 
B)  is a static mental representation 
C)  is based on all current category members 
D)  cannot exist without conscious thought 
A)  is defined by a single representation 
B)  is a static mental representation 
C)  is based on all current category members 
D)  cannot exist without conscious thought

Question 5

Which of the following ordered relation effects reflects people being faster at judging the relationship of 2 memory traces when the comparison term matches the end of the dimension that they are on?

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic congruity effects 
B)  serial position effects 
C)  semantic distance effects 
D)  semantic satiation effects 
A)  semantic congruity effects 
B)  serial position effects 
C)  semantic distance effects 
D)  semantic satiation effects

Question 6

In semantic priming, a concept in memory becomes more available after a related concept has been retrieved or activated. Priming effects are larger with __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less semantic distance 
B)  inverse memory search 
C)  greater semantic distance 
D)  shorter SOAs 
A)  less semantic distance 
B)  inverse memory search 
C)  greater semantic distance 
D)  shorter SOAs

Question 7

What is priming?

Accepted Answer

Priming is a psychological phenomenon wh

Question 8

What is the SNARC effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  the finding that small numbers are responded to faster using the left hand 
B)  the finding that small numbers are responded to faster using the right hand 
C)  an absence of interpretable data 
D)  a semantic memory effect involving erroneous knowledge (i.e., naïve physics) 
A)  the finding that small numbers are responded to faster using the left hand 
B)  the finding that small numbers are responded to faster using the right hand 
C)  an absence of interpretable data 
D)  a semantic memory effect involving erroneous knowledge (i.e., naïve physics)

Question 9

What are three effects that reflect the ordering of concepts within semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is a part of our long-te

Question 10

What principles define categories, according to the classical view of categorization?

Accepted Answer

The classical view of categorization, al

Question 11

Which of these schema processes involves generating forgotten information during retrieval?

Accepted Answer

A)  abstraction 
B)  interpretation 
C) reconstruction 
D)  integration 
A)  abstraction 
B)  interpretation 
C) reconstruction 
D)  integration

Question 12

As reflected by studies of priming, semantic memory appears to capture __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  organic features 
B)  sensory qualities 
C)  only abstract relationships 
D)  redundant filtration 
A)  organic features 
B)  sensory qualities 
C)  only abstract relationships 
D)  redundant filtration

Question 13

According to the fan effect, increased numbers of connections with a concept can make retrieval from long-term episodic memory slower, whereas increased numbers of associations make retrieval from semantic memory faster. Why might this be the case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Episodic memory is more fragile, and prone to forgetting. 
B)  Semantic memory allows for the possibility of indirect connections between concepts. 
C)  Episodic memory is a qualitatively different memory system. 
D)  Semantic memories are more spatially distributed in the brain. 
A)  Episodic memory is more fragile, and prone to forgetting. 
B)  Semantic memory allows for the possibility of indirect connections between concepts. 
C)  Episodic memory is a qualitatively different memory system. 
D)  Semantic memories are more spatially distributed in the brain.

Question 14

Which of the following is a problem with probabilistic theories of categorization?

Accepted Answer

A)  circularity problem 
B)  Standard categories differ from ad hoc categories. 
C)  Prototypes are pan-situational. 
D)  People's actual categories are not influenced by context. 
A)  circularity problem 
B)  Standard categories differ from ad hoc categories. 
C)  Prototypes are pan-situational. 
D)  People's actual categories are not influenced by context.

Question 15

What is a term that describes the overlap among category members?

Accepted Answer

A)  graded membership 
B)  central tendency 
C)  basic level 
D)  family resemblance 
A)  graded membership 
B)  central tendency 
C)  basic level 
D)  family resemblance

Question 16

Which of the following ordered relation effects reflects people being slower at judging the relationship of 2 memory traces the more similar their content is to one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic congruity effects 
B)  serial position effects 
C)  semantic distance effects 
D)  semantic satiation effects 
A)  semantic congruity effects 
B)  serial position effects 
C)  semantic distance effects 
D)  semantic satiation effects

Question 17

In what ways does semantic memory capture aspects of embodied cognition?

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory captures aspects of embo

Question 18

A __________ conveys the associations with an idea, whereas a ___________ conveys an idea to which a set of assertions apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  category; concept 
B)  concept; category 
C)  category; proposition 
D)  proposition; concept 
A)  category; concept 
B)  concept; category 
C)  category; proposition 
D)  proposition; concept

Question 19

The increased availability of knowledge related to what is currently being thought about, either by an automatic or controlled process, is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  spreading activation 
B)  priming 
C)  a retrieval plan 
D)  associative linkage 
A)  spreading activation 
B)  priming 
C)  a retrieval plan 
D)  associative linkage

Question 20

Psychological essentialism means that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  people treat categories as uniform descriptions of their members 
B)  categories are essential to effective human memory processing 
C)  people treat category members as if they had some shared underlying essence 
D)  any object encountered in the world will be categorized by a person 
A)  people treat categories as uniform descriptions of their members 
B)  categories are essential to effective human memory processing 
C)  people treat category members as if they had some shared underlying essence 
D)  any object encountered in the world will be categorized by a person

What does it mean for a category to have graded membership?

What are some basic characteristics of most human categories?

Which schema process changes the surface form of information into its underlying meaning?

For exemplar models of categorization, a category __________.

Which of the following ordered relation effects reflects people being faster at judging the relationship of 2 memory traces when the comparison term matches the end of the dimension that they are on?

In semantic priming, a concept in memory becomes more available after a related concept has been retrieved or activated. Priming effects are larger with __________.

What is priming?

What is the SNARC effect?

What are three effects that reflect the ordering of concepts within semantic memory?

What principles define categories, according to the classical view of categorization?

Which of these schema processes involves generating forgotten information during retrieval?

As reflected by studies of priming, semantic memory appears to capture __________.

According to the fan effect, increased numbers of connections with a concept can make retrieval from long-term episodic memory slower, whereas increased numbers of associations make retrieval from semantic memory faster. Why might this be the case?

Which of the following is a problem with probabilistic theories of categorization?

What is a term that describes the overlap among category members?

Which of the following ordered relation effects reflects people being slower at judging the relationship of 2 memory traces the more similar their content is to one another?

In what ways does semantic memory capture aspects of embodied cognition?

A conveys the associations with an idea, whereas a _ conveys an idea to which a set of assertions apply.

The increased availability of knowledge related to what is currently being thought about, either by an automatic or controlled process, is called __________.

Psychological essentialism means that __________.

Overview and History

Neuropsychology of Memory

Methods and Principles

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Nondeclarative Memory

Episodic Memory

Memory for Space and Time

Formal Models of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Memory and Reality

Memory and the Law

Metamemory

Development

Amnesia

Other Conditions That Affect Memory

Filters

Exam 9: Semantic Memory

What does it mean for a category to have graded membership?

What are some basic characteristics of most human categories?

Which schema process changes the surface form of information into its underlying meaning?

For exemplar models of categorization, a category __________.

Which of the following ordered relation effects reflects people being faster at judging the relationship of 2 memory traces when the comparison term matches the end of the dimension that they are on?

In semantic priming, a concept in memory becomes more available after a related concept has been retrieved or activated. Priming effects are larger with __________.

What is priming?

What is the SNARC effect?

What are three effects that reflect the ordering of concepts within semantic memory?

What principles define categories, according to the classical view of categorization?

Which of these schema processes involves generating forgotten information during retrieval?

As reflected by studies of priming, semantic memory appears to capture __________.

According to the fan effect, increased numbers of connections with a concept can make retrieval from long-term episodic memory slower, whereas increased numbers of associations make retrieval from semantic memory faster. Why might this be the case?

Which of the following is a problem with probabilistic theories of categorization?

What is a term that describes the overlap among category members?

Which of the following ordered relation effects reflects people being slower at judging the relationship of 2 memory traces the more similar their content is to one another?

In what ways does semantic memory capture aspects of embodied cognition?

A __________ conveys the associations with an idea, whereas a ___________ conveys an idea to which a set of assertions apply.

The increased availability of knowledge related to what is currently being thought about, either by an automatic or controlled process, is called __________.

Psychological essentialism means that __________.

Overview and History

Neuropsychology of Memory

Methods and Principles

Sensory and Short-Term Memory

Working Memory

Nondeclarative Memory

Episodic Memory

Memory for Space and Time

Formal Models of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Memory and Reality

Memory and the Law

Metamemory

Development

Amnesia

Other Conditions That Affect Memory

Filters

A conveys the associations with an idea, whereas a _ conveys an idea to which a set of assertions apply.