Exam 3: Perception, Attribution, and Learning

If a person performs poorly in many different situations, the tendency is to attribute the person's poor performance to external causes; but if the person performs poorly only occasionally, the tendency is to attribute the person's poor performance to internal causes.

________ is a person's belief that he or she can perform adequately in a situation.

Sometimes rewards provided to employees may not necessarily be positive reinforcers.

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Which perceptual distortion is also known as the Pygmalion effect?

__________ is the withdrawal of negative consequences, which tends to increase the likelihood of repeating the desirable behavior in similar settings.

Which of the following statements best describes selective screening?

In the context of attribution theory, we tend to attribute our own successes to our own internal factors and to attribute our own failures to external factors.

__________ are cognitive frameworks that represent organized knowledge about a given concept or stimulus that is developed through experience.

According to attribution theory, three factors influence whether internal or external attributions are made. These three factors are __________.

If your manager understands that your reward must be given as soon as possible after the occurrence of a desired behavior, he/she is aware of the law of ___________.

In general, __________ reinforcement elicits a desired behavior more quickly than does __________ reinforcement.

In classical conditioning, an __________ is something that incites action and draws forth a response.

Using an attribution theory perspective, explain the nature of internal and external attributions. What is the fundamental attribution error? What is the self-serving bias? Why is knowledge of these attribution errors important to managers?

A person's past experiences, needs or motives, personality, values, and attitudes may all influence the law of effect.

The __________ is the tendency to underestimate the influence of situational factors and to overestimate the influence of personal factors in evaluating someone else's behavior.

People may pay attention to the same information, organize it in the same way, and yet interpret in differently.

Piece rate pay is an example of an __________ reinforcement schedule.

In the context of attribution theory, consistency takes into account how likely all those facing a similar situation are to respond in the same way.

An __________ occurs when an employee with good attendance is viewed as responsible and then positively evaluated in a performance appraisal.