Exam 12: Decision Making, Learning, Knowledge Management, and Information Technology

According to the ________ model of organizational decision-making, when selecting a set of new alternative courses of action, managers tend to choose those that are only slightly different from those used in the past, thus lessening their chances of making a mistake.

________ is a cognitive bias that deceives people into assuming that extreme instances of a phenomenon are more prevalent than they really are.

The incrementalist model of decision-making explains why and how managers make nonprogrammed decisions.

In which of the following situations is an organization most likely to use game theory?

According to Kotter and Heskett, ________ cultures are those that value innovation and encourage and reward experimenting and risk taking by middle and lower-level managers.

An organization is most likely to pursue a codification approach to knowledge management when ________.

Ego-defensiveness is a cognitive bias that leads managers to interpret events in such a way that their actions appear in the most favorable light.

Projection is a cognitive bias that deceives people into assuming that extreme instances of a phenomenon are more prevalent than they really are.

Describe the incrementalist model of decision-making.

Explain the advantages of using a collateral organizational structure.

A(n) ________ is a person who is responsible for critiquing ongoing organizational learning.

Explain the codification approach to knowledge management.

The design of a mechanistic structure facilitates explorative learning whereas the design of an organic structure facilitates exploitative learning.

Which of the following terms refers to the process of responding to a problem by searching for and selecting a solution or course of action that will create the most value for organizational stakeholders?

When an information system is designed according to a ________ approach to knowledge management, it shows employees who in the organization might possess the knowledge they might need or who might have confronted a similar problem in the past.

________ is a cognitive bias that leads managers to form judgments based on small and unrepresentative samples.

A friend of yours recommends a stock based upon a "hot tip." You purchase it, and it subsequently declines the following year. Your friend advises you to purchase more at the lower price, despite clear evidence that this is not a sound company. Which of the following cognitive biases is being displayed by your friend?

Which of the following is an assumption of the Carnegie model of decision-making?

A collateral organizational structure is an informal organization of managers set up parallel to the formal organizational structure to "shadow" the decision-making and actions of managers in the formal organization.

An organization is employing more and more managers but profitability is not increasing. The managers of the organization are not willing to accept that the lack of increase in profitability is the result of their inefficiency. Rather, the managers argue that they are positioning the organization for future growth by putting in place the infrastructures to support future development. Which of the following cognitive biases is being experienced by these managers?