Question 1

Which statement regarding pharmacokinetic changes in the elderly is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Absorption of orally administered medications is dramatically reduced in elderly patients. 
B) Total body water and extracellular fluid volume decrease with age. 
C) Water-soluble drugs have a reduced volume of distribution in elderly patients. 
D) Percentage of total body fat rises steadily with age,affecting lipid-soluble drugs. 
A) Absorption of orally administered medications is dramatically reduced in elderly patients. 
B) Total body water and extracellular fluid volume decrease with age. 
C) Water-soluble drugs have a reduced volume of distribution in elderly patients. 
D) Percentage of total body fat rises steadily with age,affecting lipid-soluble drugs.

Question 2

Which statement regarding medication use in the elderly is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The average community-dwelling older adult uses less than two medications per day. 
B) Institutionalized adults use an average of seven to eight medications per day. 
C) Drug interactions are uncommon in the elderly population due to better monitoring by clinicians. 
D) Elderly patients do not use over-the-counter medications as much as younger adults do. 
A) The average community-dwelling older adult uses less than two medications per day. 
B) Institutionalized adults use an average of seven to eight medications per day. 
C) Drug interactions are uncommon in the elderly population due to better monitoring by clinicians. 
D) Elderly patients do not use over-the-counter medications as much as younger adults do.

Question 3

Memantine (Namenda)is a novel drug used for Alzheimer's dementia;its action reduces the level of which excitatory neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A) Glutamate 
B) Serotonin 
C) Tyrosine 
D) Dopamine 
E) Gamma amino butyric acid 
A) Glutamate 
B) Serotonin 
C) Tyrosine 
D) Dopamine 
E) Gamma amino butyric acid

Question 4

Which statement regarding medication use in older adults is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Older patients are more sensitive to the effects of anticoagulants,especially because they commonly have a deficiency in vitamin K clotting factors. 
B) Older adults have no issues with the sedating effects of antihistamines. 
C) Parkinson's disease is hardly ever misdiagnosed in the elderly. 
D) Antipsychotics have found broad and wide use in the elderly as they are found effective and with few side effects and toxicities. 
A) Older patients are more sensitive to the effects of anticoagulants,especially because they commonly have a deficiency in vitamin K clotting factors. 
B) Older adults have no issues with the sedating effects of antihistamines. 
C) Parkinson's disease is hardly ever misdiagnosed in the elderly. 
D) Antipsychotics have found broad and wide use in the elderly as they are found effective and with few side effects and toxicities.

Question 5

Which statement is true regarding drugs such as galantamine (Razadyne)and donepezil (Aricept)in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) They increase the amount of acetylcholine by inhibiting cholinesterase enzymes. 
B) They produce a large improvement in cognitive function. 
C) They are associated with constipation. 
D) They prevent progression to end-stage dementia. 
A) They increase the amount of acetylcholine by inhibiting cholinesterase enzymes. 
B) They produce a large improvement in cognitive function. 
C) They are associated with constipation. 
D) They prevent progression to end-stage dementia.

Question 6

Which of the following is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)antagonist used for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) memantine (Namenda) 
B) donepezil (Aricept) 
C) rivastigmine (Exelon) 
D) galantamine (Razadyne) 
A) memantine (Namenda) 
B) donepezil (Aricept) 
C) rivastigmine (Exelon) 
D) galantamine (Razadyne)

Question 7

Which statement regarding CCBs in the elderly is true?

Accepted Answer

A) CCBs are first-line agents for treating hypertension in the elderly. 
B) CCBs cause vasogenic edema. 
C) CCBs should be combined with beta-adrenergic blockers. 
D) CCBs can increase serum potassium levels. 
A) CCBs are first-line agents for treating hypertension in the elderly. 
B) CCBs cause vasogenic edema. 
C) CCBs should be combined with beta-adrenergic blockers. 
D) CCBs can increase serum potassium levels.

Question 8

All of the following statements regarding Coumadin use in older adults are true except:

Accepted Answer

A) It is used for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. 
B) It is used to prevent stroke. 
C) It is associated with serious bleeding in 2% to 3% of patients. 
D) It rarely requires monitoring after 2 weeks of starting the medication. 
A) It is used for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. 
B) It is used to prevent stroke. 
C) It is associated with serious bleeding in 2% to 3% of patients. 
D) It rarely requires monitoring after 2 weeks of starting the medication.

Question 9

Which statement regarding geriatric pharmacology is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased glomerular filtration rate can reduce renal elimination of many drugs. 
B) Increased blood flow to the liver can improve metabolism of many drugs. 
C) Polypharmacy contributes to increased drug interactions and ADRs. 
D) Lower medication dosages may be required to compensate for age-related functional decline in organs. 
A) Decreased glomerular filtration rate can reduce renal elimination of many drugs. 
B) Increased blood flow to the liver can improve metabolism of many drugs. 
C) Polypharmacy contributes to increased drug interactions and ADRs. 
D) Lower medication dosages may be required to compensate for age-related functional decline in organs.

Question 10

Which statement regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs)in the elderly population is true?

Accepted Answer

A) If ADRs were ranked as a disease,they would be the fourth to sixth leading cause of death in the United States. 
B) ADRs are less common in the elderly population. 
C) ADRs are not a common cause of hospitalizations. 
D) Dietary supplements do not cause ADRs. 
A) If ADRs were ranked as a disease,they would be the fourth to sixth leading cause of death in the United States. 
B) ADRs are less common in the elderly population. 
C) ADRs are not a common cause of hospitalizations. 
D) Dietary supplements do not cause ADRs.

Question 11

Drugs commonly associated with parkinsonism include:

Accepted Answer

A) Antipsychotics (e.g. ,haloperidol). 
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g. ,sertraline [Zoloft]). 
C) Lamotrigine (e.g. ,lamotrigine [Lamictal]). 
D) Benzodiazepines (e.g. ,diazepam [Valium]). 
E) Antihistamines (e.g. ,diphenhydramine [Benadryl]). 
A) Antipsychotics (e.g. ,haloperidol). 
B) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g. ,sertraline [Zoloft]). 
C) Lamotrigine (e.g. ,lamotrigine [Lamictal]). 
D) Benzodiazepines (e.g. ,diazepam [Valium]). 
E) Antihistamines (e.g. ,diphenhydramine [Benadryl]).

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the results of the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)?

Accepted Answer

A) Thiazide diuretics were superior for reducing vascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. 
B) Alpha blockers were best tolerated in the elderly population. 
C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)produced the largest reduction in blood pressure. 
D) Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)were with least effective in reducing vascular outcomes. 
A) Thiazide diuretics were superior for reducing vascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. 
B) Alpha blockers were best tolerated in the elderly population. 
C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)produced the largest reduction in blood pressure. 
D) Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)were with least effective in reducing vascular outcomes.

Question 13

The uniqueness of drug-taking problems among older adults includes all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) Slowed renal clearance. 
B) Reduced hepatic clearance. 
C) Increased risk of central nervous system (CNS)side effects. 
D) Enhanced autonomic function. 
E) Reduced ability to adapt to postural changes. 
A) Slowed renal clearance. 
B) Reduced hepatic clearance. 
C) Increased risk of central nervous system (CNS)side effects. 
D) Enhanced autonomic function. 
E) Reduced ability to adapt to postural changes.

Question 14

Which statement regarding medication use in the elderly is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Less than 5% of elderly patients take more than five medications. 
B) Elderly male patients take more medications than do elderly female patients. 
C) Individuals older than age 65 utilize about one-third of all prescribed medications. 
D) Use of dietary supplements in the elderly is rare. 
A) Less than 5% of elderly patients take more than five medications. 
B) Elderly male patients take more medications than do elderly female patients. 
C) Individuals older than age 65 utilize about one-third of all prescribed medications. 
D) Use of dietary supplements in the elderly is rare.

Question 15

Which drug is approved for the treatment of all three stages of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) galantamine (Razadyne) 
B) donepezil (Aricept) 
C) tacrine (Cognex) 
D) rivastigmine (Exelon) 
A) galantamine (Razadyne) 
B) donepezil (Aricept) 
C) tacrine (Cognex) 
D) rivastigmine (Exelon)

Question 16

Which medication is most commonly used to treat Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) 
B) benztropine (Cogentin) 
C) trihexyphenidyl (Artane) 
D) amantadine (Symmetrel) 
A) levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) 
B) benztropine (Cogentin) 
C) trihexyphenidyl (Artane) 
D) amantadine (Symmetrel)

Question 17

Which statement regarding polypharmacy is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) It is best defined by a specific number of drugs prescribed per day. 
B) It is best defined as the act of prescribing more medications than clinically necessary. 
C) It accounts for adverse drug event-related hospital admissions,which are twice as common among older adults than younger adults. 
D) It cannot be avoided in the geriatric population. 
A) It is best defined by a specific number of drugs prescribed per day. 
B) It is best defined as the act of prescribing more medications than clinically necessary. 
C) It accounts for adverse drug event-related hospital admissions,which are twice as common among older adults than younger adults. 
D) It cannot be avoided in the geriatric population.

Question 18

A black box warning associated with atypical antipsychotics in the elderly warns that these drugs:

Accepted Answer

A) Increase the rate of myocardial infarction,stroke,and vascular mortality. 
B) Increase the incidence of dementia. 
C) Increase the risk of pneumonia. 
D) Are associated with parkinsonism and irreversible tardive dyskinesia. 
A) Increase the rate of myocardial infarction,stroke,and vascular mortality. 
B) Increase the incidence of dementia. 
C) Increase the risk of pneumonia. 
D) Are associated with parkinsonism and irreversible tardive dyskinesia.

Question 19

Which statement regarding aspirin as a preventive therapy is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It is overused in the elderly population. 
B) It should be dosed at 81 mg per day. 
C) It cannot be combined with clopidogrel (Plavix). 
D) It is most commonly used for atrial fibrillation. 
A) It is overused in the elderly population. 
B) It should be dosed at 81 mg per day. 
C) It cannot be combined with clopidogrel (Plavix). 
D) It is most commonly used for atrial fibrillation.

Question 20

Which statement regarding diuretics and the elderly is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Low-dose thiazide diuretics are the first-line treatment for hypertension in the elderly. 
B) Diuretics can cause dehydration and increase the risk of falls. 
C) Diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia. 
D) Beta-adrenergic blockers are superior to diuretics in elderly patients. 
A) Low-dose thiazide diuretics are the first-line treatment for hypertension in the elderly. 
B) Diuretics can cause dehydration and increase the risk of falls. 
C) Diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia. 
D) Beta-adrenergic blockers are superior to diuretics in elderly patients.

Exam 22: Prescribing for the Geriatric Patient

Which statement regarding pharmacokinetic changes in the elderly is false?

Which statement regarding medication use in the elderly is true?

Memantine (Namenda)is a novel drug used for Alzheimer's dementia;its action reduces the level of which excitatory neurotransmitter?

Which statement regarding medication use in older adults is true?

Which statement is true regarding drugs such as galantamine (Razadyne)and donepezil (Aricept)in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

Which of the following is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)antagonist used for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease?

Which statement regarding CCBs in the elderly is true?

All of the following statements regarding Coumadin use in older adults are true except:

Which statement regarding geriatric pharmacology is false?

Which statement regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs)in the elderly population is true?

Drugs commonly associated with parkinsonism include:

Which of the following best describes the results of the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)?

The uniqueness of drug-taking problems among older adults includes all of the following except:

Which statement regarding medication use in the elderly is true?

Which drug is approved for the treatment of all three stages of Alzheimer's disease?

Which medication is most commonly used to treat Parkinson's disease?

Which statement regarding polypharmacy is not true?

A black box warning associated with atypical antipsychotics in the elderly warns that these drugs:

Which statement regarding aspirin as a preventive therapy is true?

Which statement regarding diuretics and the elderly is false?

Conscientious and Rational Prescribing in the 21st Century

An Introduction to Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

Communicating With Patients About Medications: a Patient-Centered Approach

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Bone and Joint Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Eye and Ear Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders

Drugs Used to Regulate Blood Pressure

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemias

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Blood Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Common Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System

Drugs Used to Treat Endocrine Gland Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Drugs Used to Treat Common Neurological Conditions

Practical Pharmacotherapy of Drugs Used to Treat Psychiatric Disorders

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Skin Disorders

Modern Approaches to Managing Bacterial Infections

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Nonbacterial Infections

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Neoplasms

Drugs Used to Affect Womens Health

Drugs Used to Affect Mens Health

Prescribing for the Pediatric Patient

Drugs Used to Manage Pain

The Integrative Medicine Pharmacopoeia: Herbals, vitamins, and Dietary Supplements

Agents Used to Manipulate the Immune Response

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