Question 1

The ________ is a large organ in the abdominal cavity that specializes in filtering the blood and trapping blood-borne microorganisms and antigens.

Accepted Answer

spleen

Question 2

Blood cell development occurs in the bone marrow of mammals during the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  hemolysis. 
B)  hematopoesis. 
C)  hemostasis. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  hemolysis. 
B)  hematopoesis. 
C)  hemostasis. 
D)  none of the above B

Question 3

T cells undergo maturation in the bone marrow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Which of the following cell types migrates to the lymphoid tissue after encountering pathogens in the skin or the mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  mast cells. 
B)  dendritic cells 
C)  macrophages 
D)  none of the choices 
A)  mast cells. 
B)  dendritic cells 
C)  macrophages 
D)  none of the choices

Question 5

During the acute inflammatory response, ____________ binds to receptors on the capillary wall to open junctions between the cells that allow fluid and leukocytes to enter the tissue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the acute inflammatory response, ____________ binds...

Question 6

The mucociliary blanket is found in the digestive system of mammals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Opsonizing antibodies must be against __________ components if they are to effectively stimulate phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  surface 
B)  internal 
C)  protein 
D)  polysaccharide 
A)  surface 
B)  internal 
C)  protein 
D)  polysaccharide

Question 8

Which of the following is used to help protect the lungs from infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Turbulent airflow deposits airborne pathogens on sticky mucosal surfaces. 
B)  The mucociliary escalator moves trapped organisms away from the lungs by ciliary action. 
C)  Coughing and sneezing forcefully expel organisms away from the lungs. 
D)  all of the choices 
A)  Turbulent airflow deposits airborne pathogens on sticky mucosal surfaces. 
B)  The mucociliary escalator moves trapped organisms away from the lungs by ciliary action. 
C)  Coughing and sneezing forcefully expel organisms away from the lungs. 
D)  all of the choices

Question 9

During chronic inflammation when the macrophages are unable to protect the host from tissue damage, the body attempts to wall off and isolate the site by forming a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  clot. 
B)  cyst. 
C)  granuloma. 
D)  vesicle. 
A)  clot. 
B)  cyst. 
C)  granuloma. 
D)  vesicle.

Question 10

A fever augments the host's defenses by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating leukocytes into action. 
B)  enhancing microbiostasis. 
C)  enhancing the activity of the immune system. 
D)  all of these 
A)  stimulating leukocytes into action. 
B)  enhancing microbiostasis. 
C)  enhancing the activity of the immune system. 
D)  all of these

Question 11

Which of the following is (are) way(s) that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysis of antibody coated gram-negative bacteria 
B)  attract phagocytic cells 
C)  activation of phagocytic cells 
D)  All of these are ways that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism. 
A)  lysis of antibody coated gram-negative bacteria 
B)  attract phagocytic cells 
C)  activation of phagocytic cells 
D)  All of these are ways that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism.

Question 12

Eosinophils defend against protist and helminth parasites by

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis. 
B)  complement activation. 
C)  antibody production. 
D)  releasing cationic proteins and reactive oxygen metabolites. 
A)  phagocytosis. 
B)  complement activation. 
C)  antibody production. 
D)  releasing cationic proteins and reactive oxygen metabolites.

Question 13

Which of the following is considered to be a biological defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  skin 
B)  fever 
C)  gastric acid 
D)  normal microbiota 
A)  skin 
B)  fever 
C)  gastric acid 
D)  normal microbiota

Question 14

Phagocytosis leads to destruction of engulfed pathogens by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosomal mediated hydrolysis 
B)  production of bacteriocins 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  all of the choices 
A)  lysosomal mediated hydrolysis 
B)  production of bacteriocins 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  all of the choices

Question 15

GALT is an acronym that stands for: Glial Associated Lymphoid Target.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Human fevers are commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections, and in almost every instance fever results from an exogenous pyrogen produced by the microorganism or virus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Under normal circumstances, which of the following is(are) normally sterile environments in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys 
B)  ureters 
C)  urinary bladder 
D)  all of these 
A)  kidneys 
B)  ureters 
C)  urinary bladder 
D)  all of these

Question 18

The skin surface (epidermis) is a very favorable environment for colonization by microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Defensins act against bacteria and fungi by permeabilizing cell membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Lymphocytes are comprised of which of the following cell types?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  natural killer cells 
D)  all of the choices 
E)  T cells and B cells only 
A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  natural killer cells 
D)  all of the choices 
E)  T cells and B cells only

Exam 32: Nonspecific Innate Host Resistance

The ________ is a large organ in the abdominal cavity that specializes in filtering the blood and trapping blood-borne microorganisms and antigens.

Blood cell development occurs in the bone marrow of mammals during the process of

T cells undergo maturation in the bone marrow.

Which of the following cell types migrates to the lymphoid tissue after encountering pathogens in the skin or the mucous membranes?

During the acute inflammatory response, ____________ binds to receptors on the capillary wall to open junctions between the cells that allow fluid and leukocytes to enter the tissue.

The mucociliary blanket is found in the digestive system of mammals.

Opsonizing antibodies must be against __________ components if they are to effectively stimulate phagocytosis.

Which of the following is used to help protect the lungs from infection?

During chronic inflammation when the macrophages are unable to protect the host from tissue damage, the body attempts to wall off and isolate the site by forming a(n)

A fever augments the host's defenses by

Which of the following is (are) way(s) that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism?

Eosinophils defend against protist and helminth parasites by

Which of the following is considered to be a biological defense mechanism?

Phagocytosis leads to destruction of engulfed pathogens by which of the following mechanisms?

GALT is an acronym that stands for: Glial Associated Lymphoid Target.

Human fevers are commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections, and in almost every instance fever results from an exogenous pyrogen produced by the microorganism or virus.

Under normal circumstances, which of the following is(are) normally sterile environments in mammals?

The skin surface (epidermis) is a very favorable environment for colonization by microorganisms.

Defensins act against bacteria and fungi by permeabilizing cell membranes.

Lymphocytes are comprised of which of the following cell types?

The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology

The Study of Microbial Structure: Microscopy and Specimen Preparation

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

Microbial Nutrition

Microbial Growth

Control of Microorganisms in the Environment

Introduction to Metabolism

Catabolism Energy Release and Conservation

Anabolism the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis

Genes Structure, Replication, and Expression

Microbial Genetics Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Genetics Mechanisms of Genetic Variation

Recombinant Dna Technology

Microbial Genomics

Microbial Taxonomy and the Evolution of Diversity

The Archaea

Bacteria the Deinococci and Nonproteobacteria Gram Negatives

Bacteria the Proteobacteria

Bacteria the Low G+C Gram Positives

Bacteria the High G+C Gram Positives

The Protists

The Fungi Eumycota

The Viruses

Biogeochemical Cycling

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microorganisms in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Microorganisms in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Microbial Interactions

Infection and Pathogenicity

Specific Adaptive Immunity

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology and Public Health Microbiology

Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Human Diseases Caused by Fungi and Protists

Microbiology of Food

Industrial Microbiology

Applied Environmental Microbiology

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