Exam 9: Introduction to Metabolism

The reacting molecules in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are called __________.

__________ reactions capture energy from the organisms' energy source.

_________ is the total of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell.

A nonprotein component of an enzyme that is loosely attached to the protein component is referred to as a(n)

Cells must efficiently transfer energy from their energy-trapping systems to the systems actually carrying out work and also use various metabolic processes to replace the energy used in doing work. This is called the __________.

The __________ law of thermodynamics states that physical and chemical processes occur in such a way that randomness (disorder) increases to a maximum.

__________ is the science that analyzes energy changes in a collection of matter.

Enzyme activity can be greatly affected by the pH and the temperature of the environment in which the enzyme must function.

Enzymes function as catalysts by

A complex formed during a reaction that resembles both the substrates and the products is called the __________ state complex.

Disruption of an enzyme's structure with loss of activity caused by extremes of pH, temperature, or other factors is called _________.

__________ is the total energy change that accompanies a chemical reaction.

A reaction that releases energy is __________.

The energy required to bring the substrates of a reaction together in the correct way to reach the transition state is called

Which of the following is a reason for metabolic regulation?

In metabolic channeling, the regulation of metabolic pathways is controlled by the __________ of metabolites and enzymes involved in the pathway.

Cells carry out three major types of work; which of the following involves nutrient uptake and waste elimination?

The __________ is the electron acceptor in a redox reaction.

A molecule that binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site and thereby alters the enzyme's shape, making it inactive or less active is a(n) __________ inhibitor.

One of the components used during photosynthetic electron transport is ferredoxin, a nonheme iron protein.