Exam 14: Microbial Genetics Mechanisms of Genetic Variation

The process in which one or more nucleic acid molecules are rearranged or combined to produce a new nucleotide sequence is called

Microbial strains that can grow on minimal medium are called __________.

The conjugation bridge in an Hfr $\times$ F^- mating usually breaks before chromosome transfer is complete; however, because at least part of the plasmid is transferred first, the recipient becomes F⁺.

Transfer of genetic information via direct cell-cell contact is called

The incorporation of a single strand of donor DNA into a recipient DNA duplex so that the donor strand replaces one of the strands or the recipient duplex generates __________ DNA.

The genome of a recipient cell is called a(n) __________.

Mutations that result in the death of an organism when expressed are called __________ mutations.

Who is credited with demonstrating unidirectional and nonreciprocal transfer of DNA between two mating

In mismatch repair on newly replicated DNA, enzymes distinguish between old and newly replicated DNA strands based on the fact that newly replicated DNA strands are ________ methylated relative to older DNA.

Lethal mutations can be recovered in haploid organisms if they are

Which of the following types of mutation may play an important role in driving evolution because they are often nonlethal and, therefore, remain in the gene pool?

SOS repair

A recipient cell that is temporarily diploid for a portion of the genome during the replacement process is called a(n) __________.

Which of the following is considered a reverse mutation that will restore the wild type phenotype?

Plasmids that have genes for pili and can transfer copies of themselves to other bacteria during conjugation are called __________ plasmids.

__________ are physical or chemical agents that cause mutation.

Transformation has been observed in only a limited number of species in nature, but we have found ways to force the process upon other species in the laboratory.

Transfer of genes from one mature independent organism to another is called

As the result of exposure to a mutagen, cytosine is substituted for thymine in one strand of DNA. Upon subsequent DNA replication, one of the daughter cells will have a GC pair in this position instead of an AT pair. This is called a(n) __________ mutation.

Complete transfer in an Hfr $\times$ F^- mating takes approximately __________ minutes.