Exam 2: The Study of Microbial Structure: Microscopy and Specimen Preparation

The __________ is the point at which a lens focuses parallel beams of light.

The __________ is the distance between the center of a lens and the point at which it focuses parallel beams of light.

Negative staining facilitates the visualization of bacterial capsules which are intensely stained by the procedure.

The special dyes used in fluorescence microscopy that absorb light at one wavelength and emit light at a different wavelength are called __________.

After the primary stain has been added but before the decolorizer has been used, gram-positive organisms are stained __________ and gram-negative organisms are stained __________.

Scanning tunneling electron microscopes create a three-dimensional image of specimens at atomic level resolution.

In the Gram-staining procedure, the counterstain is

Negative staining with India ink can be used to reveal the presence of capsules that surround bacterial cells.

It was possible to view viruses only after the invention of the electron microscope because they are too small to be seen with a light microscope.

Acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis contain __________ constructed from mycolic acids in their cell walls.

Gram staining divides bacterial species into roughly two equal groups.

An instrument that magnifies slight differences in the refractive index of cell structures is called a (n) __________ microscope.

After the secondary stain has been added, gram-positive organisms are stained __________ and gram-negative organisms are stained __________.

A 45 $\times$ objective and a 10 $\times$ ocular produce a total magnification of

In transmission electron microscopy, spreading a specimen out in a thin film with uranyl acetate, which does not penetrate the specimen, is called

The __________ is the distance between the specimen and the objective lens when the specimen is in focus.

A procedure that divides organisms into two or more groups depending on their individual reactions to the same staining procedure is referred to as __________ staining.

Confocal microscopes, in combination with specialized computer software, can be used to create three-dimensional images of cell structures.

If the objective lenses of a microscope can be changed without losing focus on the specimen, they are said to be

As the magnification of a series of objective lenses increases, the working distance