Question 1

An unrooted tree containing four unrelated species can become rooted by adding

Accepted Answer

A)  a descendant group related to two of the species 
B)  an unrelated outgroup 
C)  a distantly related outgroup 
D)  a descendant related to only one of the species 
A)  a descendant group related to two of the species 
B)  an unrelated outgroup 
C)  a distantly related outgroup 
D)  a descendant related to only one of the species C

Question 2

Which of the following is not true about the G + C content percentages in DNA of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organisms with similar G + C percentages have similar base sequences. 
B)  Organisms with different G + C percentages have dissimilar base sequences. 
C)  Similar G + C percentages only suggests relatedness if the two organisms are also alike phenotypically. 
D)  All of these are true about the G + C percentages of organisms. 
A)  Organisms with similar G + C percentages have similar base sequences. 
B)  Organisms with different G + C percentages have dissimilar base sequences. 
C)  Similar G + C percentages only suggests relatedness if the two organisms are also alike phenotypically. 
D)  All of these are true about the G + C percentages of organisms. A

Question 3

The analysis of genetic relatedness by observing the DNA fragmentation patterns resulting from restriction endonuclease cleavage is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic fingerprinting. 
B)  genetic patterning. 
C)  genetic restriction. 
D)  none of the choices 
A)  genetic fingerprinting. 
B)  genetic patterning. 
C)  genetic restriction. 
D)  none of the choices A

Question 4

A general term used to describe groups based on mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness is

Accepted Answer

A)  class. 
B)  taxa. 
C)  system. 
D)  group. 
A)  class. 
B)  taxa. 
C)  system. 
D)  group.

Question 5

Small, random genetic changes that occur over generations is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  microgenesis 
B)  progenesis 
C)  degenesis 
D)  anagenesis 
A)  microgenesis 
B)  progenesis 
C)  degenesis 
D)  anagenesis

Question 6

A population descending from a single organism or pure culture isolate is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  genus. 
B)  species. 
C)  subspecies. 
D)  strain. 
A)  genus. 
B)  species. 
C)  subspecies. 
D)  strain.

Question 7

The general order of classification below the domain or kingdom level is

Accepted Answer

A)  phyla, order, class, family, genus, species. 
B)  phyla, order, family, class, genus, species. 
C)  phyla, class, family, order, genus, species. 
D)  phyla, class, order, family, genus, species. 
A)  phyla, order, class, family, genus, species. 
B)  phyla, order, family, class, genus, species. 
C)  phyla, class, family, order, genus, species. 
D)  phyla, class, order, family, genus, species.

Question 8

Phylogenetic trees are usually constructed using either a distance-based (___________) approach, or a characteristic (_________) approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phylogenetic trees are usually constructed using either...

Question 9

According to the endosymbiosis hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)  the first endosymbiotic event involved an anaerobic bacterium. 
B)  the first endosymbiont was a fermentative organism. 
C)  the mitochondrion evolved from the same endosymbiont as the hydrogenosome. 
D)  all of the choices 
A)  the first endosymbiotic event involved an anaerobic bacterium. 
B)  the first endosymbiont was a fermentative organism. 
C)  the mitochondrion evolved from the same endosymbiont as the hydrogenosome. 
D)  all of the choices

Question 10

Which of the following is useful in biological systematics?

Accepted Answer

A)  physiology 
B)  epidemiology 
C)  ecology 
D)  all of the choices 
A)  physiology 
B)  epidemiology 
C)  ecology 
D)  all of the choices

Question 11

The ancestors of modern _______________ performed the oxygenic photosynthesis responsible for converting our anoxic planet to an oxygenated one.

Accepted Answer

A)  Crenarchaeota 
B)  Proteobacteria 
C)  Firmicutes 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
A)  Crenarchaeota 
B)  Proteobacteria 
C)  Firmicutes 
D)  Cyanobacteria

Question 12

Which of the following is true about Bergey's Manual?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first edition is mostly phenetic while the second edition is more phylogenetic. 
B)  The first edition is largely phylogenetic while the second edition is more phenetic. 
C)  The first and second editions are both largely phenetic. 
D)  The first and second editions are both largely phylogenetic. 
A)  The first edition is mostly phenetic while the second edition is more phylogenetic. 
B)  The first edition is largely phylogenetic while the second edition is more phenetic. 
C)  The first and second editions are both largely phenetic. 
D)  The first and second editions are both largely phylogenetic.

Question 13

The second edition of Bergey's Manual classifies bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetically. 
B)  phonetically. 
C)  numerically. 
D)  none of the choices 
A)  phylogenetically. 
B)  phonetically. 
C)  numerically. 
D)  none of the choices

Question 14

Chromosomal gene exchange is not useful in classification studies because prokaryotes do not reproduce sexually.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The G + C content of a DNA sample can be estimated from its TM of a DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Transformation is not useful in determining relatedness between two organisms because it frequently crosses genera.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The type strain is the most representative strain of a particular species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Bacterial strains that are characterized by biochemical differences are called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacterial strains that are characterized by biochemical...

Question 19

The binomial system of nomenclature assigns each organism a scientific name consisting of

Accepted Answer

A)  species and strain. 
B)  kingdom and species. 
C)  genus and species. 
D)  kingdom and genus. 
A)  species and strain. 
B)  kingdom and species. 
C)  genus and species. 
D)  kingdom and genus.

Question 20

The _____________ hypothesis proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts developed from free-living prokaryotes that invaded a precursor to the eukaryotes and established a stable relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____________ hypothesis proposes that mitochondria and...

Exam 17: Microbial Taxonomy and the Evolution of Diversity

An unrooted tree containing four unrelated species can become rooted by adding

Which of the following is not true about the G + C content percentages in DNA of organisms?

The analysis of genetic relatedness by observing the DNA fragmentation patterns resulting from restriction endonuclease cleavage is referred to as

A general term used to describe groups based on mutual similarity or evolutionary relatedness is

Small, random genetic changes that occur over generations is known as

A population descending from a single organism or pure culture isolate is called a

The general order of classification below the domain or kingdom level is

Phylogenetic trees are usually constructed using either a distance-based (___________) approach, or a characteristic (_________) approach.

According to the endosymbiosis hypothesis

Which of the following is useful in biological systematics?

The ancestors of modern _______________ performed the oxygenic photosynthesis responsible for converting our anoxic planet to an oxygenated one.

Which of the following is true about Bergey's Manual?

The second edition of Bergey's Manual classifies bacteria

Chromosomal gene exchange is not useful in classification studies because prokaryotes do not reproduce sexually.

The G + C content of a DNA sample can be estimated from its TM of a DNA.

Transformation is not useful in determining relatedness between two organisms because it frequently crosses genera.

The type strain is the most representative strain of a particular species.

Bacterial strains that are characterized by biochemical differences are called __________.

The binomial system of nomenclature assigns each organism a scientific name consisting of

The _____________ hypothesis proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts developed from free-living prokaryotes that invaded a precursor to the eukaryotes and established a stable relationship.

The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology

The Study of Microbial Structure: Microscopy and Specimen Preparation

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

Microbial Nutrition

Microbial Growth

Control of Microorganisms in the Environment

Introduction to Metabolism

Catabolism Energy Release and Conservation

Anabolism the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis

Genes Structure, Replication, and Expression

Microbial Genetics Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Genetics Mechanisms of Genetic Variation

Recombinant Dna Technology

Microbial Genomics

The Archaea

Bacteria the Deinococci and Nonproteobacteria Gram Negatives

Bacteria the Proteobacteria

Bacteria the Low G+C Gram Positives

Bacteria the High G+C Gram Positives

The Protists

The Fungi Eumycota

The Viruses

Biogeochemical Cycling

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microorganisms in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Microorganisms in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Microbial Interactions

Infection and Pathogenicity

Nonspecific Innate Host Resistance

Specific Adaptive Immunity

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology and Public Health Microbiology

Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Human Diseases Caused by Fungi and Protists

Microbiology of Food

Industrial Microbiology

Applied Environmental Microbiology

Filters

Phylogenetic trees are usually constructed using either a distance-based (___) approach, or a characteristic (_) approach.

The G + C content of a DNA sample can be estimated from its T_M of a DNA.