Exam 27: Methods in Microbial Ecology

A technique used to quantify specific types of microbes in natural samples, enrichment cultures, and food or water samples is known as the _______ ________ _______ technique.

Organized microbial systems consisting of layers of microbial cells associated with surfaces are called _________________.

When PCR amplification of SSU (small subunit ribosomal RNA) yields a population of different PCR products of about the same molecular weight, these fragments can be separated for further analysis by

Counting the number of different genomes present by DNA analysis of an environmental sample is accomplished by

The use of modern molecular techniques has provided a mechanism for growing the microorganisms previously referred to as unculturable.

The goal of __________ is to identify each protein present in a given microenvironment at the time of sampling.

The fact that certain nucleotide templates are more readily amplified than others is termed

Which of the following is microscopy in which the microscope is fitted with light filters that enable the excitation of the specimen with a specific wavelength?

_______ culture are pure cultures, consisting of a single species.

In the microdroplet culture method, cells from mixed assemblages are encapsulated in a gel matrix. The matrix is then emulsified to generate gel "microdroplets"; each microdroplet contains a mixture of cells.

________ culture techniques are based on the expansion of the microenvironment to allow abundant growth of a microorganism formerly restricted to a small ecological niche.

What percentage of microbes have been cultured in the laboratory?

The identification of more than one type of PCR product in a single reaction is called _______ PCR.

In two-dimensional nano-liquid chromatography, a complex mixture of peptides is separated first by charge and then by solubility.

It is generally agreed that SSU (small subunit ribosomal RNA) analysis is a technique that is well suited to identifying species present in a given community.

The fact that cells of genetically uniform population do not have similar phenotypic attributes is called ____________ heterogeneity.

When doing SSU (small subunit ribosomal RNA) of a mixed population of microbes from an environmental sample, specific _____________ are identified.

Thick, macroscopic biofilms are referred to as microbial ________.

________ microbes are used to measure oxygen availability, UV radiation dose, pollutant or toxic chemical effects, and stress.

Stable isotope analysis to indicate whether or not certain elements have been processed by an organism is based on the observation that