Question 1

In the Featured Study on modeling and behavior by Bandura, Ross and Ross the results suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to positive consequences. 
B)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to negative consequences. 
C)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is preceded by positive consequences. 
D)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is completed in front of the child live; not on tv. 
A)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to positive consequences. 
B)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior leads to negative consequences. 
C)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is preceded by positive consequences. 
D)  observers are likely to imitate another's behavior if that behavior is completed in front of the child live; not on tv.

Question 2

Tammy finds writing papers to be a very aversive task. As a result she always checks out the requirements for all her classes before she registers and never takes classes that require term papers, Tammy's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  escape learning. 
B)  avoidance learning. 
C)  an unconditioned response. 
D)  positive reinforcement. 
A)  escape learning. 
B)  avoidance learning. 
C)  an unconditioned response. 
D)  positive reinforcement.

Question 3

Theorists are concerned that video game violence may have more detrimental effects than violence in other media. The reasons they provide include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Video games require an increased level of attention and more active involvement. 
B)  Players clearly identify with the characters they control in the games. 
C)  Players are routinely reinforced within the game sequence for their violent actions. 
D)  The graphical depictions are not realistic, which serves to detach the player from his or her actions. 
A)  Video games require an increased level of attention and more active involvement. 
B)  Players clearly identify with the characters they control in the games. 
C)  Players are routinely reinforced within the game sequence for their violent actions. 
D)  The graphical depictions are not realistic, which serves to detach the player from his or her actions.

Question 4

Escape and avoidance responses are both initially acquired through negative reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Clara and Ashley ate dinner at a new restaurant last night. The entire restaurant was decorated in green, and the sound of waterfalls played in the background. Both Clara and Ashley ordered "trapper casserole," which tasted like nothing they had ever eaten before. Four hours after they had eaten they both became extremely ill and were taken to the hospital by ambulance, with the sirens wailing. Based on research conducted by Garcia and his colleagues, you might predict that in the future Clara and Ashley will both show conditioned responses to

Accepted Answer

A)  anything that is colored green. 
B)  the sound of falling water. 
C)  the sound of sirens. 
D)  foods that smell or taste like trapper casserole. 
A)  anything that is colored green. 
B)  the sound of falling water. 
C)  the sound of sirens. 
D)  foods that smell or taste like trapper casserole.

Question 6

John says, "Please pass the salt." Ralph passes the salt. "Thank you," says John. John's request precedes a behavior (salt passing) that is reinforced ("Thank you"). Thus, the request "Please pass the salt" is a ____ for passing the salt.

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminative stimulus 
B)  response 
C)  positive reinforcer 
D)  conditioned stimulus (CS) 
A)  discriminative stimulus 
B)  response 
C)  positive reinforcer 
D)  conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 7

In today's business world, management often emphasizes positive reinforcement more than in the past. This illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our experience of the world is highly subjective. 
B)  Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. 
C)  Behavior is determined by multiple causes. 
D)  Psychology is empirical. 
A)  Our experience of the world is highly subjective. 
B)  Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. 
C)  Behavior is determined by multiple causes. 
D)  Psychology is empirical.

Question 8

According to Bandura, your motivation to perform an observed response depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of attention you paid to the model's behavior originally. 
B)  your expectation of being reinforced for the response. 
C)  the degree to which you can remember the model's behavior. 
D)  your ability to perform the observed response. 
A)  the amount of attention you paid to the model's behavior originally. 
B)  your expectation of being reinforced for the response. 
C)  the degree to which you can remember the model's behavior. 
D)  your ability to perform the observed response.

Question 9

A token economy is a system for doling out symbolic reinforcers that are later exchanged for a variety of genuine reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When Jackie watches slasher movies, she covers her eyes when the blood starts to splatter. When Clarice watches slasher movies, she covers her eyes as soon as she hears ominous music start to play. Jackie's response is consistent with ____, while Clarice's response is consistent with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  escape responding; avoidance responding 
B)  avoidance responding; escape responding 
C)  negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement 
D)  classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
A)  escape responding; avoidance responding 
B)  avoidance responding; escape responding 
C)  negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement 
D)  classical conditioning; operant conditioning

Question 11

According to the law of effect, if a response in the presence of a stimulus leads to satisfying effects, the association between the stimulus and the response is strengthened.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

____________________ stimuli are cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) of a response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ stimuli are cues that influence operant...

Question 13

Stimulus discrimination is to stimulus generalization as reinforcement is to

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  resistance. 
A)  acquisition. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  resistance.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment may generalize to other behaviors. 
B)  Punishment increases the frequency of undesired behavior. 
C)  Punishment triggers strong emotional responses. 
D)  Punishment may be modeled by children as a way of solving problems. 
A)  Punishment may generalize to other behaviors. 
B)  Punishment increases the frequency of undesired behavior. 
C)  Punishment triggers strong emotional responses. 
D)  Punishment may be modeled by children as a way of solving problems.

Question 15

If the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone, spontaneous recovery occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Various studies of response-outcome relations and reinforcement have shown that reinforcement is automatic when favorable consequences follow operant responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When the US is removed and the CS is presented alone for a period of time, what will occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  generalization 
C)  acquisition 
D)  extinction 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  generalization 
C)  acquisition 
D)  extinction

Question 18

Harold begins to chew his fingernails every time his teacher enters the classroom. In this case, the antecedent is

Accepted Answer

A)  the teacher entering the classroom. 
B)  the fear associated with the teacher. 
C)  anticipated punishment. 
D)  chewing the fingernails. 
A)  the teacher entering the classroom. 
B)  the fear associated with the teacher. 
C)  anticipated punishment. 
D)  chewing the fingernails.

Question 19

If one rat learns to bar-press to turn off an electric shock and a second rat learns to bar-press when a warning signal that precedes the shock is turned on, the first rat is demonstrating ____ and the second rat is demonstrating ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance learning; escape learning 
B)  escape learning; avoidance learning 
C)  punishment; escape learning 
D)  punishment; avoidance learning 
A)  avoidance learning; escape learning 
B)  escape learning; avoidance learning 
C)  punishment; escape learning 
D)  punishment; avoidance learning

Question 20

____________________ refers to a relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge due to experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ refers to a relatively durable change...

Exam 12: Learning Part 2

In the Featured Study on modeling and behavior by Bandura, Ross and Ross the results suggest that

Tammy finds writing papers to be a very aversive task. As a result she always checks out the requirements for all her classes before she registers and never takes classes that require term papers, Tammy's behavior is an example of

Theorists are concerned that video game violence may have more detrimental effects than violence in other media. The reasons they provide include all of the following EXCEPT

Escape and avoidance responses are both initially acquired through negative reinforcement.

John says, "Please pass the salt." Ralph passes the salt. "Thank you," says John. John's request precedes a behavior (salt passing) that is reinforced ("Thank you"). Thus, the request "Please pass the salt" is a ____ for passing the salt.

In today's business world, management often emphasizes positive reinforcement more than in the past. This illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?

According to Bandura, your motivation to perform an observed response depends on

A token economy is a system for doling out symbolic reinforcers that are later exchanged for a variety of genuine reinforcers.

When Jackie watches slasher movies, she covers her eyes when the blood starts to splatter. When Clarice watches slasher movies, she covers her eyes as soon as she hears ominous music start to play. Jackie's response is consistent with ____, while Clarice's response is consistent with ____.

According to the law of effect, if a response in the presence of a stimulus leads to satisfying effects, the association between the stimulus and the response is strengthened.

____________________ stimuli are cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) of a response.

Stimulus discrimination is to stimulus generalization as reinforcement is to

Which of the following statements about punishment is FALSE?

If the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented alone, spontaneous recovery occurs.

Various studies of response-outcome relations and reinforcement have shown that reinforcement is automatic when favorable consequences follow operant responses.

When the US is removed and the CS is presented alone for a period of time, what will occur?

Harold begins to chew his fingernails every time his teacher enters the classroom. In this case, the antecedent is

If one rat learns to bar-press to turn off an electric shock and a second rat learns to bar-press when a warning signal that precedes the shock is turned on, the first rat is demonstrating ____ and the second rat is demonstrating ____.

____________________ refers to a relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge due to experience.

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

Filters

When Jackie watches slasher movies, she covers her eyes when the blood starts to splatter. When Clarice watches slasher movies, she covers her eyes as soon as she hears ominous music start to play. Jackie's response is consistent with , while Clarice's response is consistent with .

If one rat learns to bar-press to turn off an electric shock and a second rat learns to bar-press when a warning signal that precedes the shock is turned on, the first rat is demonstrating and the second rat is demonstrating .