Exam 16: Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

_____ is an example in which physical trauma provides access of lymphocytes to an otherwise immunologically privileged site.(Select all that apply.)

How do the treatments for Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases differ,and why?

Describe three types of unwanted and potentially harmful immune response.

A.What is ectopic lymphoid tissue? B.Give four examples where this type of tissue forms in autoimmune disease.

Discuss why splenectomy is a viable treatment for chronic autoimmune diseases targeted at circulating neutrophils.

Which of the following would be consistent with a diagnosis of Goodpasture's syndrome? (Select all that apply.)

A(n)_____ is an epitope that is typically not accessible to the immune system but is revealed under inflammatory or infectious states.

At 42 years old,Stephanie Goldstein developed occasional blurred and double vision,numbness and 'pins and needles' in her arms and legs (paresthesia),and bladder incontinence.After a month of these symptoms she went to her doctor,who sent her to the neurology specialist.An MRI scan revealed areas of demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS),and Stephanie was diagnosed with the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS).Which of the following best explains why some people are susceptible to the development of MS?

Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases both impair normal functioning of the thyroid gland but do so using different immunopathological mechanisms.Compare and contrast these mechanisms.

Amanda Chenoweth,21 years of age,returned from a summer job as a pianist on a cruise ship where she was exposed daily to excessive sun; she developed a rash on her cheeks.She complained that her finger joints were stiff and painful,which made it difficult to play the piano,and that her hips became painful after sitting at the piano for long periods.Her blood sample tested positive for anti-nuclear antibodies and had decreased serum C3 levels.A urine albumin test showed elevated protein levels.A course of prednisone (an anti-inflammatory steroid)in combination with naprosyn (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent)was begun and her condition improved rapidly.What is the most likely cause and clinical name of her condition?

Autoimmune diseases,which are classified on the basis of the effector mechanism that causes the symptoms,include all of the following types of hypersensitivity reaction except _____.

Graves' disease causes _____,whereas Hashimoto's disease causes _____.

Which of the following describes myasthenia gravis?

Rituximab,used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,depletes _____ through a process involving the cross-linking of _____ on the surface of NK cells and the induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Describe the three immunological mechanisms responsible for the destruction of red blood cells in autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

A.What is meant by the term 'epitope spreading'? B.Name one autoimmune disease affecting the skin in which epitope spreading is involved,and explain how.

_____ is a highly variable type III autoimmune disease in which immune complexes form and may cause glomerulonephritis of the kidney,arthritis of the joints,and vasculitis of the face.

Which of the following autoimmune diseases affect the nervous system? (Select all that apply.)