Question 1

Which of the following is not a ligand for α:β T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) peptide antigens 
B) lipid antigen 
C) sulfatides 
D) heterocyclic organic molecules. 
A) peptide antigens 
B) lipid antigen 
C) sulfatides 
D) heterocyclic organic molecules. C

Question 2

Explain the path taken by CD1 molecules that eventually bind to pathogen-derived lipids inside endosomes of the MHC class II compartment.

Accepted Answer

CD1 begins assembly with β₂-microglobulin and self lipid in the endoplasmic reticulum of restricted cell types.It progresses through the Golgi,then to Golgi-derived vesicles,and is eventually presented on the cell surface.The complex is subsequently endocytosed via clathrin-coated pits and intersects the endosomal pathway and the MHC class II compartment.Then self lipids are exchanged for pathogen-derived lipids before the complex is transported back to the cell surface for presentation to α:β T cells.

Question 3

Identify which of the following would be sufficient to activate NK cells.

Accepted Answer

A) NKG2A and CD94 
B) NKG2D and 2B4 
C) KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1 
D) CD56 and LFA-1. 
A) NKG2A and CD94 
B) NKG2D and 2B4 
C) KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1 
D) CD56 and LFA-1. B

Question 4

All of the following develop in the thymus except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) α:β T cells 
B) γ:δT cells 
C) NK cells 
D) NKT cells 
E) MAIT cells. 
A) α:β T cells 
B) γ:δT cells 
C) NK cells 
D) NKT cells 
E) MAIT cells.

Question 5

The only single receptor that can activate NK cells without the need for a second activating receptor is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) NKG2D 
B) CD56 
C) 2B4 
D) CD94:NKG2A 
E) CD16a. 
A) NKG2D 
B) CD56 
C) 2B4 
D) CD94:NKG2A 
E) CD16a.

Question 6

Identify which of the following is not a characteristic of CD94:NKG2A.

Accepted Answer

A) contains a C-type lectin domain 
B) is an inhibitory NK-cell receptor 
C) binds to carbohydrate ligands 
D) is a disulfide-linked heterodimer 
E) contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). 
A) contains a C-type lectin domain 
B) is an inhibitory NK-cell receptor 
C) binds to carbohydrate ligands 
D) is a disulfide-linked heterodimer 
E) contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM).

Question 7

All of the following are characteristic of NK cells except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) they express Toll-like receptors 
B) they are tolerant of healthy cells 
C) they circulate in a partly activated state 
D) they all express the same selection of activating and inhibitory NK-cell receptors 
E) they can be activated by FcγRIIIA (CD16a). 
A) they express Toll-like receptors 
B) they are tolerant of healthy cells 
C) they circulate in a partly activated state 
D) they all express the same selection of activating and inhibitory NK-cell receptors 
E) they can be activated by FcγRIIIA (CD16a).

Question 8

Which of the following characterize MIC-A and MIC-B proteins? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) recognized by NKG2D receptors of NK cells and some CD8 T cells 
B) activate the   signaling pathway 
C) activate mast cells in the intestinal wall 
D) closely related to MHC class I heavy chains 
E) bind to MHC class I molecules and activate CD8 T cells. 
A) recognized by NKG2D receptors of NK cells and some CD8 T cells 
B) activate the   signaling pathway 
C) activate mast cells in the intestinal wall 
D) closely related to MHC class I heavy chains 
E) bind to MHC class I molecules and activate CD8 T cells.

Question 9

Identify the mismatched pair:

Accepted Answer

A) CD94:NKG2A; ITIM 
B) NKG2D; MIC proteins 
C) SHP-1; Vav1 
D) 2B4; IgG 
E) HLA-E; leader-sequence peptide. 
A) CD94:NKG2A; ITIM 
B) NKG2D; MIC proteins 
C) SHP-1; Vav1 
D) 2B4; IgG 
E) HLA-E; leader-sequence peptide.

Question 10

Explain (A)how the ligand for CD94:NKG2A serves as an indicator of non-infectious or non-malignant states of potential target cells,and (B)the consequence if ligand expression is compromised on target cells.

Accepted Answer

A.The ligand for the inhibitory receptor

Question 11

At birth,the size of the repertoire of γ:δ T-cell receptors is _____ its size at adolescence.

Accepted Answer

A) smaller than 
B) larger than 
C) about the same as. 
A) smaller than 
B) larger than 
C) about the same as.

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A) They express either inhibitory receptors or activating receptors,but not both. 
B) Their inhibitory receptors are necessary to prevent killing of healthy cells. 
C) They all express CD56. 
D) Because NK cells express diverse combinations of receptors,no single NK cell expresses them all. 
E) Some of their activating and inhibitory receptors use MHC class I ligands. 
A) They express either inhibitory receptors or activating receptors,but not both. 
B) Their inhibitory receptors are necessary to prevent killing of healthy cells. 
C) They all express CD56. 
D) Because NK cells express diverse combinations of receptors,no single NK cell expresses them all. 
E) Some of their activating and inhibitory receptors use MHC class I ligands.

Question 13

_____ is a molecule expressed on NK cells and Vγ:Vδ1 T cells.

Accepted Answer

A) CD3 
B) MIC-A 
C) NKG2D 
D) CD94:NKG2A 
E) killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR). 
A) CD3 
B) MIC-A 
C) NKG2D 
D) CD94:NKG2A 
E) killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR).

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: CD94:NKG2A
FAS
LILRBI
KIR2DL1
VS1U1B1γS1U1B0:VS1U1B1δS1U1B0 T-cell receptor
NKG2D
Vγ:Vδ2 T-cell receptor
CD1

Accepted Answer

The Answer of HLA-C and phosphoantigen and HLA-E and glycolipid is...

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: CD45RA
CCR5
CCR7
CD27
CD1d

Accepted Answer

The Answer of expressed on terminally differentiated γ:δ T cells is...

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: scaffold lipid
second signal for NKT-cell activation
sulfatide
lipid-transfer protein
riboflavin
promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF)
saposin
BTN3A

Accepted Answer

The Answer of CD1e and MR1 and phosphoantigen and CD1d is...

Question 17

Natural killer cells (NK cells)carry activating and inhibitory receptors on their surface.
A.What property of NK cells do these receptors activate or inhibit,respectively? Explain your answer.
B.How are NK cells thought to use these receptors to recognize and eliminate virus-infected cells?
C.Why are the actions of NK cells categorized as innate immunity,and what do we know of their specificity for MHC class I molecules?
D.Why do the NK cells of the recipient of an organ transplant sometimes attack the transplanted tissue?

Accepted Answer

A.The killing activity of the NK cell.Li

Question 18

Which of the following is false regarding HLA-G?

Accepted Answer

A) It is expressed as transmembrane or secreted forms. 
B) It binds to LILRB1 inside endosomes of NK cells. 
C) It stimulates the production of angiogenic factors by activating NK cells. 
D) It is expressed exclusively by extravillous trophoblast cells. 
E) It engages inhibitory receptors on uterine NK cells. 
A) It is expressed as transmembrane or secreted forms. 
B) It binds to LILRB1 inside endosomes of NK cells. 
C) It stimulates the production of angiogenic factors by activating NK cells. 
D) It is expressed exclusively by extravillous trophoblast cells. 
E) It engages inhibitory receptors on uterine NK cells.

Question 19

Charlene Cook,a 38-year-old primigravida,is 35 weeks pregnant.Until recently she has had an uneventful pregnancy.Two weeks ago,her obstetrician noted lower-extremity edema,trace protein in her urine (10-20 mg/dl),and normal blood pressure (120/80 mmHg).At today's appointment her blood pressure is elevated at 160/100 mmHg,she has marked proteinuria (3+; 300 mg/dl),worsening of ankle swelling,facial and hand swelling,and she mentions sudden onset of headache and visual disturbance.Charlene is admitted immediately to hospital and is diagnosed with pre-eclampsia.Within hours she is induced and gives birth to a healthy baby girl.In the context of uterine NK-cell function,which of the following is inconsistent with the cause of Charlene's pre-eclampsia?

Accepted Answer

A) There is inadequate extravillous trophoblast invasion of the spiral arteries or the uterus. 
B) She has maternal homozygosity for the KIR A haplotype. 
C) Uterine NK cells fail to secrete adequate amount of cytokines and growth factors needed to promote angiogenesis and remodeling of the maternal arteries. 
D) The baby's father and mother are homozygous for the C1 epitope. 
E) Insufficient activating signals were delivered to uterine NK cells. 
A) There is inadequate extravillous trophoblast invasion of the spiral arteries or the uterus. 
B) She has maternal homozygosity for the KIR A haplotype. 
C) Uterine NK cells fail to secrete adequate amount of cytokines and growth factors needed to promote angiogenesis and remodeling of the maternal arteries. 
D) The baby's father and mother are homozygous for the C1 epitope. 
E) Insufficient activating signals were delivered to uterine NK cells.

Question 20

In the context of NK-cell inhibitory and activating receptors and maternal arterial invasion,explain the cause of (A)pre-eclampsia and (B)obstructed labor.Base your response on a pregnancy involving a fetus who has inherited a C2 epitope from the father but whose mother is homozygous for C1.

Accepted Answer

A.If a mother is homozygous for the KIR

Which of the following is not a ligand for α:β T cells?

Explain the path taken by CD1 molecules that eventually bind to pathogen-derived lipids inside endosomes of the MHC class II compartment.

Identify which of the following would be sufficient to activate NK cells.

All of the following develop in the thymus except _____.

The only single receptor that can activate NK cells without the need for a second activating receptor is _____.

Identify which of the following is not a characteristic of CD94:NKG2A.

All of the following are characteristic of NK cells except _____.

Which of the following characterize MIC-A and MIC-B proteins? (Select all that apply.)

Identify the mismatched pair:

Explain (A)how the ligand for CD94:NKG2A serves as an indicator of non-infectious or non-malignant states of potential target cells,and (B)the consequence if ligand expression is compromised on target cells.

At birth,the size of the repertoire of γ:δ T-cell receptors is _____ its size at adolescence.

Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is false?

_____ is a molecule expressed on NK cells and V_γ:V_δ1 T cells.

Which of the following is false regarding HLA-G?

In the context of NK-cell inhibitory and activating receptors and maternal arterial invasion,explain the cause of (A)pre-eclampsia and (B)obstructed labor.Base your response on a pregnancy involving a fetus who has inherited a C2 epitope from the father but whose mother is homozygous for C1.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Exam 12: Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Which of the following is not a ligand for α:β T cells?

Explain the path taken by CD1 molecules that eventually bind to pathogen-derived lipids inside endosomes of the MHC class II compartment.

Identify which of the following would be sufficient to activate NK cells.

All of the following develop in the thymus except _____.

The only single receptor that can activate NK cells without the need for a second activating receptor is _____.

Identify which of the following is not a characteristic of CD94:NKG2A.

All of the following are characteristic of NK cells except _____.

Which of the following characterize MIC-A and MIC-B proteins? (Select all that apply.)

Identify the mismatched pair:

Explain (A)how the ligand for CD94:NKG2A serves as an indicator of non-infectious or non-malignant states of potential target cells,and (B)the consequence if ligand expression is compromised on target cells.

At birth,the size of the repertoire of γ:δ T-cell receptors is _____ its size at adolescence.

Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is false?

_____ is a molecule expressed on NK cells and Vγ:Vδ1 T cells.

Which of the following is false regarding HLA-G?

In the context of NK-cell inhibitory and activating receptors and maternal arterial invasion,explain the cause of (A)pre-eclampsia and (B)obstructed labor.Base your response on a pregnancy involving a fetus who has inherited a C2 epitope from the father but whose mother is homozygous for C1.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

_____ is a molecule expressed on NK cells and V_γ:V_δ1 T cells.