Question 1

All of the following are examples of chemical barriers of innate immunity except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) lactic acid 
B) normal microbiota 
C) lysozyme 
D) fatty acids 
E) proteases. 
A) lactic acid 
B) normal microbiota 
C) lysozyme 
D) fatty acids 
E) proteases. B

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) During human development,hematopoiesis takes place at different anatomical locations. 
B) The hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to white blood cells,but a different stem cell is the progenitor of red blood cells. 
C) Hematopoietic stem cells are self-renewing. 
D) Platelets participate in clotting reactions to prevent blood loss. 
E) Megakaryocytes do not circulate and reside only in the bone marrow. 
A) During human development,hematopoiesis takes place at different anatomical locations. 
B) The hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to white blood cells,but a different stem cell is the progenitor of red blood cells. 
C) Hematopoietic stem cells are self-renewing. 
D) Platelets participate in clotting reactions to prevent blood loss. 
E) Megakaryocytes do not circulate and reside only in the bone marrow. B

Question 3

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) lymphocytes: innate immune response 
B) natural killer cell: kills virus-infected cells 
C) macrophage: phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms 
D) erythrocyte: oxygen transport 
E) eosinophil: defense against parasites. 
A) lymphocytes: innate immune response 
B) natural killer cell: kills virus-infected cells 
C) macrophage: phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms 
D) erythrocyte: oxygen transport 
E) eosinophil: defense against parasites. A

Question 4

Which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are brought from a site of infection into a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

A) efferent lymphatics 
B) artery 
C) vein 
D) afferent lymphatics 
E) high endothelial venule. 
A) efferent lymphatics 
B) artery 
C) vein 
D) afferent lymphatics 
E) high endothelial venule.

Question 5

Immune cells within the lymphatic circulation are directly deposited into which of the following anatomical sites so that the cells may reenter the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A) right aorta 
B) left subclavian vein 
C) left carotid artery 
D) high endothelial venule 
E) hepatic vein. 
A) right aorta 
B) left subclavian vein 
C) left carotid artery 
D) high endothelial venule 
E) hepatic vein.

Question 6

Identify the different anatomical locations where hematopoiesis occurs in embryonic,fetal,and adult life.

Accepted Answer

The yolk sac and the liver produce blood

Question 7

How can antibiotics upset the barrier function of intestinal epithelia? Give a specific example.

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics attack the microbiological b

Question 8

What would be the consequence of a bioterrorist attack that released smallpox virus into a city?

Accepted Answer

The last case of smallpox was reported i

Question 9

Which of the following statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Macrophages are granulocytes. 
B) Macrophages derive from monocytes. 
C) Macrophages are non-phagocytic. 
D) Macrophages reside in the tissues. 
E) All of the above statements are false. 
A) Macrophages are granulocytes. 
B) Macrophages derive from monocytes. 
C) Macrophages are non-phagocytic. 
D) Macrophages reside in the tissues. 
E) All of the above statements are false.

Question 10

Examples of pathogens that cause human disease include:

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria 
B) viruses 
C) fungi 
D) parasites (protozoans and worms). 
E) All of the above are examples of pathogens that cause human disease. 
A) bacteria 
B) viruses 
C) fungi 
D) parasites (protozoans and worms). 
E) All of the above are examples of pathogens that cause human disease.

Question 11

All of the following statements are characteristic of secondary immune responses except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Secondary immune responses are activated when primary immune responses fail to completely eradicate an infection. 
B) Secondary immune responses are restricted to adaptive immune responses. 
C) Memory cells are activated rapidly during secondary immune responses. 
D) Secondary immune responses are orders of magnitude greater than primary immune responses. 
E) During a secondary immune response to a booster vaccine,it is possible to experience a primary immune response to an unrelated vaccine component encountered for the first time. 
A) Secondary immune responses are activated when primary immune responses fail to completely eradicate an infection. 
B) Secondary immune responses are restricted to adaptive immune responses. 
C) Memory cells are activated rapidly during secondary immune responses. 
D) Secondary immune responses are orders of magnitude greater than primary immune responses. 
E) During a secondary immune response to a booster vaccine,it is possible to experience a primary immune response to an unrelated vaccine component encountered for the first time.

Question 12

Which of the following describes the flow of lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) efferent lymphatic vessel \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow afferent lymphatic vessel 
B) venule \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow efferent lymphatic vessel 
C) afferent lymphatic vessel \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow efferent lymphatic vessel 
D) artery \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow efferent lymphatic vessel 
E) afferent lymphatic vessel \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow artery. 
A) efferent lymphatic vessel \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow afferent lymphatic vessel 
B) venule \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow efferent lymphatic vessel 
C) afferent lymphatic vessel \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow efferent lymphatic vessel 
D) artery \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow efferent lymphatic vessel 
E) afferent lymphatic vessel \rightarrow lymph node \rightarrow artery.

Question 13

In most cases,adaptive immune responses rely on the initial activation of _____ in secondary lymphoid tissue:

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages 
B) T cells 
C) B cells 
D) dendritic cells 
E) epithelium. 
A) macrophages 
B) T cells 
C) B cells 
D) dendritic cells 
E) epithelium.

Question 14

Spherical regions in lymph nodes containing areas that are packed densely with proliferating B cells are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) efferent vessels 
B) germinal centers 
C) red pulp zones 
D) periarterial lymphoid sheaths 
E) medullary sinuses. 
A) efferent vessels 
B) germinal centers 
C) red pulp zones 
D) periarterial lymphoid sheaths 
E) medullary sinuses.

Question 15

Which of the following explains why immunity to influenza may appear to be relatively short-lived?

Accepted Answer

A) Effective immunological memory fails to develop. 
B) Immune responses to influenza involve innate immune mechanisms only. 
C) The primary and secondary immune responses are equivalent. 
D) Influenza virus targets memory cells. 
E) New influenza variants able to escape previous immunity appear regularly. 
A) Effective immunological memory fails to develop. 
B) Immune responses to influenza involve innate immune mechanisms only. 
C) The primary and secondary immune responses are equivalent. 
D) Influenza virus targets memory cells. 
E) New influenza variants able to escape previous immunity appear regularly.

Question 16

The most abundant type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) eosinophil 
B) basophil 
C) neutrophil 
D) monocyte 
E) lymphocyte. 
A) eosinophil 
B) basophil 
C) neutrophil 
D) monocyte 
E) lymphocyte.

Question 17

Another name for a large granular lymphocyte is a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) plasma cell 
B) helper T cell 
C) monocyte 
D) natural killer cell 
E) eosinophil. 
A) plasma cell 
B) helper T cell 
C) monocyte 
D) natural killer cell 
E) eosinophil.

Question 18

During an infection,_____ are mobilized in large numbers from the bone marrow.

Accepted Answer

A) dendritic cells 
B) memory cells 
C) macrophages 
D) neutrophils 
E) B cells. 
A) dendritic cells 
B) memory cells 
C) macrophages 
D) neutrophils 
E) B cells.

Question 19

Describe three distinct mechanisms by which antibodies eradicate infection.

Accepted Answer

(i)Neutralization.By binding to the surf

Question 20

When effector lymphocytes secrete _____,an inflammatory response ensues.

Accepted Answer

A) lysozyme 
B) defensins 
C) lymph 
D) sebum 
E) cytokines. 
A) lysozyme 
B) defensins 
C) lymph 
D) sebum 
E) cytokines.

All of the following are examples of chemical barriers of innate immunity except _____.

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are brought from a site of infection into a lymph node?

Immune cells within the lymphatic circulation are directly deposited into which of the following anatomical sites so that the cells may reenter the bloodstream?

Identify the different anatomical locations where hematopoiesis occurs in embryonic,fetal,and adult life.

How can antibiotics upset the barrier function of intestinal epithelia? Give a specific example.

What would be the consequence of a bioterrorist attack that released smallpox virus into a city?

Which of the following statements are correct?

Examples of pathogens that cause human disease include:

All of the following statements are characteristic of secondary immune responses except _____.

Which of the following describes the flow of lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue?

In most cases,adaptive immune responses rely on the initial activation of _____ in secondary lymphoid tissue:

Spherical regions in lymph nodes containing areas that are packed densely with proliferating B cells are called _____.

Which of the following explains why immunity to influenza may appear to be relatively short-lived?

The most abundant type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood is the _____.

Another name for a large granular lymphocyte is a _____.

During an infection,_____ are mobilized in large numbers from the bone marrow.

Describe three distinct mechanisms by which antibodies eradicate infection.

When effector lymphocytes secrete _____,an inflammatory response ensues.

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

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Exam 1: Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

All of the following are examples of chemical barriers of innate immunity except _____.

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are brought from a site of infection into a lymph node?

Immune cells within the lymphatic circulation are directly deposited into which of the following anatomical sites so that the cells may reenter the bloodstream?

Identify the different anatomical locations where hematopoiesis occurs in embryonic,fetal,and adult life.

How can antibiotics upset the barrier function of intestinal epithelia? Give a specific example.

What would be the consequence of a bioterrorist attack that released smallpox virus into a city?

Which of the following statements are correct?

Examples of pathogens that cause human disease include:

All of the following statements are characteristic of secondary immune responses except _____.

Which of the following describes the flow of lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue?

In most cases,adaptive immune responses rely on the initial activation of _____ in secondary lymphoid tissue:

Spherical regions in lymph nodes containing areas that are packed densely with proliferating B cells are called _____.

Which of the following explains why immunity to influenza may appear to be relatively short-lived?

The most abundant type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood is the _____.

Another name for a large granular lymphocyte is a _____.

During an infection,_____ are mobilized in large numbers from the bone marrow.

Describe three distinct mechanisms by which antibodies eradicate infection.

When effector lymphocytes secrete _____,an inflammatory response ensues.

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters