Question 1

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO3 is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

Accepted Answer

A)  hydration of SO3 is very exothermic and difficult to control. 
B)  hydration of SO3 is very endothermic and proceeds too slowly to be profitable. 
C)  at high temperatures water vapor catalyzes polymerization of SO3. 
D)  vapor phase sulfuric acid is corrosive and limits the useful life of the reactor. 
E)  the water would decompose under such conditions. 
A)  hydration of SO3 is very exothermic and difficult to control. 
B)  hydration of SO3 is very endothermic and proceeds too slowly to be profitable. 
C)  at high temperatures water vapor catalyzes polymerization of SO3. 
D)  vapor phase sulfuric acid is corrosive and limits the useful life of the reactor. 
E)  the water would decompose under such conditions. C

Question 2

The most common source for commercial production of sodium is called

Accepted Answer

A)  sodalite. 
B)  limestone. 
C)  halite. 
D)  galena. 
E)  pyrite. 
A)  sodalite. 
B)  limestone. 
C)  halite. 
D)  galena. 
E)  pyrite. C

Question 3

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphides 
B)  Phosphites 
C)  Phosphors 
D)  Phosphates 
E)  Elemental phosphorus 
A)  Phosphides 
B)  Phosphites 
C)  Phosphors 
D)  Phosphates 
E)  Elemental phosphorus D

Question 4

Which of the following general process occurs when a mineral is roasted?

Accepted Answer

A)  metal sulfide is reduced to the metal 
B)  metal oxide is reduced to the metal 
C)  metal is converted to metal oxide 
D)  metal sulfide is converted to metal oxide 
E)  metal oxide dissolves in aqueous solution 
A)  metal sulfide is reduced to the metal 
B)  metal oxide is reduced to the metal 
C)  metal is converted to metal oxide 
D)  metal sulfide is converted to metal oxide 
E)  metal oxide dissolves in aqueous solution

Question 5

Electrometallurgy uses _________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Accepted Answer

A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  molten salt processes 
A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  molten salt processes

Question 6

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Al2O3 
B)  Al(OH)3 
C)  F- 
D)  AlF63- 
E)  C 
A)  Al2O3 
B)  Al(OH)3 
C)  F- 
D)  AlF63- 
E)  C

Question 7

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiation. 
B)  liquefaction. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  deposition. 
E)  remediation. 
A)  differentiation. 
B)  liquefaction. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  deposition. 
E)  remediation.

Question 9

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biological 
B)  Atmospheric 
C)  Industrial 
D)  Industrial ≈ Atmospheric 
E)  Industrial ≈ Biological 
A)  Biological 
B)  Atmospheric 
C)  Industrial 
D)  Industrial ≈ Atmospheric 
E)  Industrial ≈ Biological

Question 10

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their reduction potentials are more positive than copper's. 
B)  Their reduction potentials are more negative than copper's. 
C)  They cannot be deposited on a copper electrode. 
D)  Their reduction potentials are more negative than water's. 
E)  Their reduction requires large overvoltages. 
A)  Their reduction potentials are more positive than copper's. 
B)  Their reduction potentials are more negative than copper's. 
C)  They cannot be deposited on a copper electrode. 
D)  Their reduction potentials are more negative than water's. 
E)  Their reduction requires large overvoltages.

Question 11

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  convert silicon and phosphorus oxides to slag which can be decanted from the molten steel. 
B)  serve as a scrubber to remove sulfur dioxide from the gases leaving the furnace. 
C)  remove any traces of acid which could weaken the steel. 
D)  add a small amount of oxygen to the steel to prevent corrosion and increase its strength. 
E)  create gangue. 
A)  convert silicon and phosphorus oxides to slag which can be decanted from the molten steel. 
B)  serve as a scrubber to remove sulfur dioxide from the gases leaving the furnace. 
C)  remove any traces of acid which could weaken the steel. 
D)  add a small amount of oxygen to the steel to prevent corrosion and increase its strength. 
E)  create gangue.

Question 12

Hydrogen displays the largest kinetic isotope effect of all the elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode is enriched in deuterium (hydrogen-2), compared to the more common isotope, protium (hydrogen-1).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  roasting. 
B)  leaching. 
C)  smelting. 
D)  flotation. 
E)  hydration. 
A)  roasting. 
B)  leaching. 
C)  smelting. 
D)  flotation. 
E)  hydration.

Question 15

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Accepted Answer

A)  zone refining. 
B)  electrorefining. 
C)  distillation. 
D)  sublimation. 
E)  alloying. 
A)  zone refining. 
B)  electrorefining. 
C)  distillation. 
D)  sublimation. 
E)  alloying.

Question 16

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Accepted Answer

A)  by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near roots. 
B)  by converting it to phosphoric acid. 
C)  by osmosis. 
D)  by leaching. 
E)  by fixation. 
A)  by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near roots. 
B)  by converting it to phosphoric acid. 
C)  by osmosis. 
D)  by leaching. 
E)  by fixation.

Question 17

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is a good source of fluoride ions. 
B)  it reduces the energy requirement of the process, due to its low melting point. 
C)  it provides a source of fluorine, an oxidizing agent. 
D)  it provides a source of sodium, a reducing agent. 
E)  it is very soluble in water. 
A)  it is a good source of fluoride ions. 
B)  it reduces the energy requirement of the process, due to its low melting point. 
C)  it provides a source of fluorine, an oxidizing agent. 
D)  it provides a source of sodium, a reducing agent. 
E)  it is very soluble in water.

Question 18

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Accepted Answer

A)  aluminite. 
B)  hematite. 
C)  galena. 
D)  cinnabar. 
E)  bauxite. 
A)  aluminite. 
B)  hematite. 
C)  galena. 
D)  cinnabar. 
E)  bauxite.

Question 19

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The Hall-Heroult process refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the production of aluminum by electrolysis. 
B)  the recovery of sulfur from underground deposits. 
C)  the manufacture of sulfuric acid. 
D)  the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. 
E)  the isolation of Al2O3 from bauxite. 
A)  the production of aluminum by electrolysis. 
B)  the recovery of sulfur from underground deposits. 
C)  the manufacture of sulfuric acid. 
D)  the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. 
E)  the isolation of Al2O3 from bauxite.

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO3 is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

The most common source for commercial production of sodium is called

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

Which of the following general process occurs when a mineral is roasted?

Electrometallurgy uses _________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Which one of the following species or compounds reacts at the cathode in the Hall-Héroult process?

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

Nitrogen fixation occurs through atmospheric, industrial, and biological processes. Which of these fixes the most nitrogen?

The final step of the purification of copper involves electrorefining in which copper is separated from nickel and iron by being reduced at the cathode of a cell. Why are nickel and iron not reduced?

Calcium oxide is added to molten iron in the production of carbon steel in order to

Hydrogen displays the largest kinetic isotope effect of all the elements.

In the electrolysis of water, the hydrogen gas evolved at the cathode is enriched in deuterium (hydrogen-2), compared to the more common isotope, protium (hydrogen-1).

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

The process used to produce silicon with a purity of more than 99.999999% is called

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

The Hall-Heroult process refers to

Keys to Studying Chemistry Definitions, Units, and Problem Solving

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics Entropy, Free Energy, and Reaction Direction

Electrochemistry Chemical Change and Electrical Work

Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Filters

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO₃ is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

Cryolite, Na₃AlF₆, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because