Question 1

The kinetic isotope effect is the basis for

Accepted Answer

A)  the radioactivity of tritium. 
B)  isolation of pure D2O. 
C)  tritium's high reactivity. 
D)  the increase in boiling point when comparing hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium. 
E)  nuclear power generation. 
A)  the radioactivity of tritium. 
B)  isolation of pure D2O. 
C)  tritium's high reactivity. 
D)  the increase in boiling point when comparing hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium. 
E)  nuclear power generation.

Question 2

The Frasch process is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  convert aluminum oxide to metallic aluminum. 
B)  convert copper ore to copper sulfide. 
C)  mine magnesium. 
D)  mine elemental sulfur. 
E)  produce sodium metal. 
A)  convert aluminum oxide to metallic aluminum. 
B)  convert copper ore to copper sulfide. 
C)  mine magnesium. 
D)  mine elemental sulfur. 
E)  produce sodium metal.

Question 3

Hydrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Accepted Answer

A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  molten salt processes 
A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  molten salt processes

Question 4

When nitrogen undergoes atmospheric fixation, it enters the sea and land in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  NO. 
B)  NO2. 
C)  NH3. 
D)  NO3-. 
E)  NH4+. 
A)  NO. 
B)  NO2. 
C)  NH3. 
D)  NO3-. 
E)  NH4+.

Question 5

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the alkali metals requires more energy than electrolysis of the molten salts. 
B)  The dissolved alkali earth halides are too reactive to be electrolyzed. 
C)  The aqueous metal ions are more difficult to reduce than water. 
D)  The reduction potentials of the alkali metals are more positive than the reduction potential of water. 
E)  The aqueous metal ions react violently with water. 
A)  The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the alkali metals requires more energy than electrolysis of the molten salts. 
B)  The dissolved alkali earth halides are too reactive to be electrolyzed. 
C)  The aqueous metal ions are more difficult to reduce than water. 
D)  The reduction potentials of the alkali metals are more positive than the reduction potential of water. 
E)  The aqueous metal ions react violently with water.

Question 6

What gas is produced during the Hall-Héroult process for production of aluminum?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorine, Cl2 
B)  oxygen, O2 
C)  hydrogen, H2 
D)  ammonia, NH3 
E)  carbon dioxide, CO2 
A)  chlorine, Cl2 
B)  oxygen, O2 
C)  hydrogen, H2 
D)  ammonia, NH3 
E)  carbon dioxide, CO2

Question 7

The process of converting metal sulfides to metal oxides is called

Accepted Answer

A)  roasting. 
B)  smelting. 
C)  reduction. 
D)  leaching. 
E)  oxidation. 
A)  roasting. 
B)  smelting. 
C)  reduction. 
D)  leaching. 
E)  oxidation.

Question 8

The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl2(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na(s), H2(g) 
B)  H2(g), O2(g) 
C)  Hg(l), NaCl(s) 
D)  Na(s), O2(g) 
E)  NaOH(aq), H2(g) 
A)  Na(s), H2(g) 
B)  H2(g), O2(g) 
C)  Hg(l), NaCl(s) 
D)  Na(s), O2(g) 
E)  NaOH(aq), H2(g)

Question 9

The Earth's core consists mainly of

Accepted Answer

A)  Ni 
B)  O 
C)  Al 
D)  Si 
E)  Fe 
A)  Ni 
B)  O 
C)  Al 
D)  Si 
E)  Fe

Question 10

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

Accepted Answer

A)  H 
B)  Fe 
C)  Al 
D)  Si 
E)  O 
A)  H 
B)  Fe 
C)  Al 
D)  Si 
E)  O

Question 11

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the Earth's crust has been to

Accepted Answer

A)  create a reducing atmosphere. 
B)  create an oxidizing atmosphere. 
C)  increase the relative humidity. 
D)  decrease the relative humidity. 
E)  increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide. 
A)  create a reducing atmosphere. 
B)  create an oxidizing atmosphere. 
C)  increase the relative humidity. 
D)  decrease the relative humidity. 
E)  increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Question 12

The atmosphere contains about 700. billion metric tons of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. In the carbon cycle, about 200. billion metric tons of carbon (as carbon dioxide) enters the atmosphere each year. Assuming that 200. billion metric tons of carbon also leaves the atmosphere annually, how many years does the average carbon atom spend in the atmosphere in each cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.29 years 
B)  3.5 years 
C)  500. years 
D)  140,000 years 
E)  More information is needed in order to calculate the answer. 
A)  0.29 years 
B)  3.5 years 
C)  500. years 
D)  140,000 years 
E)  More information is needed in order to calculate the answer.

Question 13

The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Electrolysis is used as the last step in isolating pure

Accepted Answer

A)  iron. 
B)  boron. 
C)  aluminum. 
D)  selenium. 
E)  carbon. 
A)  iron. 
B)  boron. 
C)  aluminum. 
D)  selenium. 
E)  carbon.

Question 15

In the industrial electrolysis of aqueous NaCl (the chlor-alkali process), the modern trend is toward the use of cells incorporating polymer membranes to separate the anode and cathode solutions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B)  sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C)  oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D)  oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E)  None of these choices are correct. 
A)  sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B)  sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C)  oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D)  oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E)  None of these choices are correct.

Question 17

The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The debris accompanying a mineral is called

Accepted Answer

A)  slag. 
B)  gangue. 
C)  ore. 
D)  halite. 
E)  ash. 
A)  slag. 
B)  gangue. 
C)  ore. 
D)  halite. 
E)  ash.

Question 19

Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B)  sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C)  oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D)  oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E)  the uncombined elements, because they are noble metals. 
A)  sulfides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with sulfur. 
B)  sulfides because their electronegativities favor formation of covalent bonds with the polarizable sulfide anion. 
C)  oxides because they tend to give up bonding electrons and form crystals with high lattice energies with oxygen. 
D)  oxides because oxygen, with its high electronegativity, forms strong covalent bonds with them. 
E)  the uncombined elements, because they are noble metals.

Question 20

Pyrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Accepted Answer

A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  explosives 
A)  solid phase chemical properties 
B)  electrical processes 
C)  thermal processes 
D)  aqueous chemical processes 
E)  explosives

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

The kinetic isotope effect is the basis for

The Frasch process is used to

Hydrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

When nitrogen undergoes atmospheric fixation, it enters the sea and land in the form of

The alkali metals are isolated from non-aqueous systems. Why is this necessary?

What gas is produced during the Hall-Héroult process for production of aluminum?

The process of converting metal sulfides to metal oxides is called

The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl2(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?

The Earth's core consists mainly of

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the Earth's crust has been to

The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.

Electrolysis is used as the last step in isolating pure

In the industrial electrolysis of aqueous NaCl (the chlor-alkali process), the modern trend is toward the use of cells incorporating polymer membranes to separate the anode and cathode solutions.

Transition elements from the right side of the periodic table are generally found as

The purpose of anodizing aluminum is to remove the oxide layer from the metal's surface.

The debris accompanying a mineral is called

Transition elements from the left side of the periodic table are generally found as

Pyrometallurgy uses __________________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Keys to Studying Chemistry Definitions, Units, and Problem Solving

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics Entropy, Free Energy, and Reaction Direction

Electrochemistry Chemical Change and Electrical Work

Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Filters

The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl₂(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?