Question 1

The face-inversion effect indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  upright and inverted faces are processed by different lobes of the brain. 
B)  people can process inverted faces just as quickly as upright faces. 
C)  faces are processed holistically rather than through their isolated parts. 
D)  faces are processed in an almost entirely bottom-up fashion. 
A)  upright and inverted faces are processed by different lobes of the brain. 
B)  people can process inverted faces just as quickly as upright faces. 
C)  faces are processed holistically rather than through their isolated parts. 
D)  faces are processed in an almost entirely bottom-up fashion.

Question 2

The term "change blindness" refers to the observation that

Accepted Answer

A)  people with poor eyesight tend not to notice that a visual object is rotating. 
B)  people often fail to see that an object in a scene has changed. 
C)  people often fail to notice that a new object has suddenly appeared in a scene. 
D)  infants are not able to create a gestalt in a subjective-contour figure. 
A)  people with poor eyesight tend not to notice that a visual object is rotating. 
B)  people often fail to see that an object in a scene has changed. 
C)  people often fail to notice that a new object has suddenly appeared in a scene. 
D)  infants are not able to create a gestalt in a subjective-contour figure.

Question 3

According to the discussion of object recognition,

Accepted Answer

A)  the bottom-up approach emphasizes the importance of previous information in processing new stimuli. 
B)  top-down processing emphasizes that it is most efficient to begin at the top of a object that you are trying to recognize. 
C)  top-down processing does not play a major role in object recognition. 
D)  object recognition must involve both top-down and bottom-up processes. 
A)  the bottom-up approach emphasizes the importance of previous information in processing new stimuli. 
B)  top-down processing emphasizes that it is most efficient to begin at the top of a object that you are trying to recognize. 
C)  top-down processing does not play a major role in object recognition. 
D)  object recognition must involve both top-down and bottom-up processes.

Question 4

Your textbook discussed in some detail a study by Rueckl and Oden (the "bears/beans" study). These researchers manipulated both the features of a letter within a word and the context in which the word appeared. This study demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  both bottom-up and top-down processing operate. 
B)  under appropriate conditions, people only pay attention to distinctive features. 
C)  sensory memory can be extended when a word appears in context. 
D)  top-down processing almost always leads to more accurate pattern recognition. 
A)  both bottom-up and top-down processing operate. 
B)  under appropriate conditions, people only pay attention to distinctive features. 
C)  sensory memory can be extended when a word appears in context. 
D)  top-down processing almost always leads to more accurate pattern recognition.

Question 5

Heather notes that it is always easier to understand her sister's speech when they converse on Skype as compared to conversing on the telephone. Her sister believes that the sound quality on Skype may be better than on her smart phone. However, Heather thinks about her Cognitive Psychology class and reasons that the phenomenon may be an illustration of

Accepted Answer

A)  coarticulation. 
B)  phonemic restoration. 
C)  word boundary effects. 
D)  the importance of visual cues in speech processing. 
A)  coarticulation. 
B)  phonemic restoration. 
C)  word boundary effects. 
D)  the importance of visual cues in speech processing.

Question 6

Which of the following is the best example of object recognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seeing a particular visual stimulus and mentally rotating it 
B)  Seeing a particular visual stimulus and identifying it as the letter M 
C)  Solving a complex reasoning problem 
D)  Switching your attention from one conversation to another 
A)  Seeing a particular visual stimulus and mentally rotating it 
B)  Seeing a particular visual stimulus and identifying it as the letter M 
C)  Solving a complex reasoning problem 
D)  Switching your attention from one conversation to another

Question 7

According to the research on the recognition-by-components theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  the theory is especially accurate in its ability to explain how we perceive moving objects. 
B)  the theory has difficulty explaining how we recognize three-dimensional objects, though it explains how we can perceive letters of the alphabet. 
C)  the theory primarily applies to the performance of people who have visual deficits. 
D)  the theory needs to include a mechanism for recognizing objects seen from an unusual point of view, or else it would be inadequate. 
A)  the theory is especially accurate in its ability to explain how we perceive moving objects. 
B)  the theory has difficulty explaining how we recognize three-dimensional objects, though it explains how we can perceive letters of the alphabet. 
C)  the theory primarily applies to the performance of people who have visual deficits. 
D)  the theory needs to include a mechanism for recognizing objects seen from an unusual point of view, or else it would be inadequate.

Question 8

Neuroscience research has been conducted on the response of individual neurons to lines that have different orientations. The results of this research are most compatible with the _______________ approach to object recognition.

Accepted Answer

A)  feature-analysis 
B)  template 
C)  parallel distributed processing 
D)  recognition-by-components 
A)  feature-analysis 
B)  template 
C)  parallel distributed processing 
D)  recognition-by-components

Question 9

According to the discussion of phonemic restoration,

Accepted Answer

A)  if we fail to hear a particular phoneme in a word, we won't be able to identify the word. 
B)  phonemic restoration makes use of top-down processing. 
C)  phonemic restoration is typically caused by variations in phoneme pronunciation. 
D)  phonemic restoration is typically caused by coarticulation. 
A)  if we fail to hear a particular phoneme in a word, we won't be able to identify the word. 
B)  phonemic restoration makes use of top-down processing. 
C)  phonemic restoration is typically caused by variations in phoneme pronunciation. 
D)  phonemic restoration is typically caused by coarticulation.

Question 10

Bottom-up processing

Accepted Answer

A)  is the most widely accepted explanation for illusory contours. 
B)  describes the influence of expectations upon object recognition. 
C)  emphasizes the importance of sensory stimuli in object recognition. 
D)  explains why we are able to recognize words more easily when they appear in sentences, rather than alone. 
A)  is the most widely accepted explanation for illusory contours. 
B)  describes the influence of expectations upon object recognition. 
C)  emphasizes the importance of sensory stimuli in object recognition. 
D)  explains why we are able to recognize words more easily when they appear in sentences, rather than alone.

Question 11

According to the gestalt psychology approach to visual perception,

Accepted Answer

A)  when we look at an object for the first time, we see a random arrangement of stimuli. 
B)  the distal stimulus is more important than the proximal stimulus. 
C)  we tend to see well-organized patterns, rather than random-looking stimuli. 
D)  we first extract the template, and then later we extract the geon. 
A)  when we look at an object for the first time, we see a random arrangement of stimuli. 
B)  the distal stimulus is more important than the proximal stimulus. 
C)  we tend to see well-organized patterns, rather than random-looking stimuli. 
D)  we first extract the template, and then later we extract the geon.

Question 12

What can we conclude about the two major explanations for speech perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans show categorical perception for nonspeech sounds, which argues against a phonetic module approach. 
B)  Humans show categorical perception for nonspeech sounds, which argues for a phonetic module approach. 
C)  Humans cannot use visual cues as aids to the perception of phonemes, which argues against a general mechanism approach. 
D)  Infants use a general mechanism approach, whereas adults typically use a phonetic module approach. 
A)  Humans show categorical perception for nonspeech sounds, which argues against a phonetic module approach. 
B)  Humans show categorical perception for nonspeech sounds, which argues for a phonetic module approach. 
C)  Humans cannot use visual cues as aids to the perception of phonemes, which argues against a general mechanism approach. 
D)  Infants use a general mechanism approach, whereas adults typically use a phonetic module approach.

Question 13

You recognize the letter n more quickly in the word pattern than when it appears by itself. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  top-down processing. 
B)  bottom-up processing. 
C)  a template for the letter n. 
D)  a recognition module. 
A)  top-down processing. 
B)  bottom-up processing. 
C)  a template for the letter n. 
D)  a recognition module.

Question 14

Which of the following students' statements best summarizes the research on face perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eduardo: "Faces are perceived in the same fashion as other similarly complex objects." 
B)  Sarita: "We process faces in terms of their general structure; for other objects, we are more likely to process isolated features." 
C)  Akiko: "We perceive faces in a more serial fashion, processing one feature at a time, for other objects, features are processed simultaneously." 
D)  Nelson: "We process faces in a bottom-up fashion; we process other objects in a top-down fashion." 
A)  Eduardo: "Faces are perceived in the same fashion as other similarly complex objects." 
B)  Sarita: "We process faces in terms of their general structure; for other objects, we are more likely to process isolated features." 
C)  Akiko: "We perceive faces in a more serial fashion, processing one feature at a time, for other objects, features are processed simultaneously." 
D)  Nelson: "We process faces in a bottom-up fashion; we process other objects in a top-down fashion."

Question 15

Suppose that you are watching a movie. Two men are talking, and the camera focuses on a man in a blue shirt, with long sideburns. The focus shifts to the other man. Then it returns to the man in the blue shirt-but now his sideburns are about an inch shorter. If you fail to notice that he looks different, you are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  bottom-up processing. 
B)  change blindness. 
C)  the principle that face recognition is "special." 
D)  the recognition-by-components approach. 
A)  bottom-up processing. 
B)  change blindness. 
C)  the principle that face recognition is "special." 
D)  the recognition-by-components approach.

Question 16

Individuals with prosopagnosia

Accepted Answer

A)  can recognize faces, but not common objects. 
B)  cannot recognize the emotion shown on a face. 
C)  cannot recognize faces of even their own spouses or children. 
D)  may have suffered damage to the occipital lobe. 
A)  can recognize faces, but not common objects. 
B)  cannot recognize the emotion shown on a face. 
C)  cannot recognize faces of even their own spouses or children. 
D)  may have suffered damage to the occipital lobe.

Question 17

The boundaries between words in spoken language

Accepted Answer

A)  are just as distinctive as the boundaries between words in written language. 
B)  are more distinctive in English than in other languages. 
C)  are often missing, so that two words are not separated by an actual pause. 
D)  are difficult for children to perceive, though adults rarely make perceptual errors. 
A)  are just as distinctive as the boundaries between words in written language. 
B)  are more distinctive in English than in other languages. 
C)  are often missing, so that two words are not separated by an actual pause. 
D)  are difficult for children to perceive, though adults rarely make perceptual errors.

Question 18

Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary about phoneme pronunciation, as discussed in the section on speech perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  George: "Humans manage to perceive the phoneme intended by the speaker, even though phoneme pronunciation is quite variable." 
B)  Angela: "Humans tend to perceive phonemes inaccurately, but top-down processing helps to increase their accuracy." 
C)  Jakob: "Humans have great difficulty with phoneme perception, because most speakers have sloppy phoneme pronunciation." 
D)  Galit: "Each phoneme is pronounced in a consistent fashion, so that speech perception is remarkably accurate." 
A)  George: "Humans manage to perceive the phoneme intended by the speaker, even though phoneme pronunciation is quite variable." 
B)  Angela: "Humans tend to perceive phonemes inaccurately, but top-down processing helps to increase their accuracy." 
C)  Jakob: "Humans have great difficulty with phoneme perception, because most speakers have sloppy phoneme pronunciation." 
D)  Galit: "Each phoneme is pronounced in a consistent fashion, so that speech perception is remarkably accurate."

Question 19

The discussion of the template model of object recognition pointed out that

Accepted Answer

A)  this model is now the most widely accepted explanation for complex recognition tasks, although it cannot account for simpler tasks. 
B)  this model is considered to be the most flexible of the current approaches. 
C)  this model would have difficulty explaining how we can recognize handwritten letters. 
D)  this model provides the best account for the development of object recognition during childhood. 
A)  this model is now the most widely accepted explanation for complex recognition tasks, although it cannot account for simpler tasks. 
B)  this model is considered to be the most flexible of the current approaches. 
C)  this model would have difficulty explaining how we can recognize handwritten letters. 
D)  this model provides the best account for the development of object recognition during childhood.

Question 20

Chapter 2 discussed individual differences in people's ability to judge the facial emotion that is being expressed in a series of photos. The results of this study suggest that people with schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

A)  are significantly more accurate than people in a control group. 
B)  are just as accurate as people in a control group. 
C)  are significantly less accurate than people in a control group, but they respond at about the same speed. 
D)  are significantly less accurate than people in a control group, and they also respond more slowly. 
A)  are significantly more accurate than people in a control group. 
B)  are just as accurate as people in a control group. 
C)  are significantly less accurate than people in a control group, but they respond at about the same speed. 
D)  are significantly less accurate than people in a control group, and they also respond more slowly.

The face-inversion effect indicates that

The term "change blindness" refers to the observation that

According to the discussion of object recognition,

Your textbook discussed in some detail a study by Rueckl and Oden (the "bears/beans" study). These researchers manipulated both the features of a letter within a word and the context in which the word appeared. This study demonstrated that

Which of the following is the best example of object recognition?

According to the research on the recognition-by-components theory,

Neuroscience research has been conducted on the response of individual neurons to lines that have different orientations. The results of this research are most compatible with the _______________ approach to object recognition.

According to the discussion of phonemic restoration,

Bottom-up processing

According to the gestalt psychology approach to visual perception,

What can we conclude about the two major explanations for speech perception?

You recognize the letter n more quickly in the word pattern than when it appears by itself. This is an example of

Which of the following students' statements best summarizes the research on face perception?

Individuals with prosopagnosia

The boundaries between words in spoken language

Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary about phoneme pronunciation, as discussed in the section on speech perception?

The discussion of the template model of object recognition pointed out that

Chapter 2 discussed individual differences in people's ability to judge the facial emotion that is being expressed in a series of photos. The results of this study suggest that people with schizophrenia

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 2: Visual and Auditory Recognition

The face-inversion effect indicates that

The term "change blindness" refers to the observation that

According to the discussion of object recognition,

Your textbook discussed in some detail a study by Rueckl and Oden (the "bears/beans" study). These researchers manipulated both the features of a letter within a word and the context in which the word appeared. This study demonstrated that

Which of the following is the best example of object recognition?

According to the research on the recognition-by-components theory,

Neuroscience research has been conducted on the response of individual neurons to lines that have different orientations. The results of this research are most compatible with the _______________ approach to object recognition.

According to the discussion of phonemic restoration,

Bottom-up processing

According to the gestalt psychology approach to visual perception,

What can we conclude about the two major explanations for speech perception?

You recognize the letter n more quickly in the word pattern than when it appears by itself. This is an example of

Which of the following students' statements best summarizes the research on face perception?

Individuals with prosopagnosia

The boundaries between words in spoken language

Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary about phoneme pronunciation, as discussed in the section on speech perception?

The discussion of the template model of object recognition pointed out that

Chapter 2 discussed individual differences in people's ability to judge the facial emotion that is being expressed in a series of photos. The results of this study suggest that people with schizophrenia

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters