Question 1

According to the discussion of phoneme perception,

Accepted Answer

A)  this task is not very challenging because of context cues. 
B)  this task is not very challenging because each phoneme is pronounced in such a standard fashion. 
C)  this task is challenging because the English language has over 200 distinct phonemes. 
D)  this task is challenging because of the variability in speakers' pronunciation of phonemes. 
A)  this task is not very challenging because of context cues. 
B)  this task is not very challenging because each phoneme is pronounced in such a standard fashion. 
C)  this task is challenging because the English language has over 200 distinct phonemes. 
D)  this task is challenging because of the variability in speakers' pronunciation of phonemes.

Question 2

Suppose that you are looking at an object on your desk. Which of the following is the best example of the term perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  You combine your previous knowledge, together with the information registered by your eyes. 
B)  You compare this object with a set of geons, to determine the best match. 
C)  Your retina registers the size, shape, and color of this object. 
D)  Information from your retina travels directly to the primary visual cortex and the inferotemporal cortex. 
A)  You combine your previous knowledge, together with the information registered by your eyes. 
B)  You compare this object with a set of geons, to determine the best match. 
C)  Your retina registers the size, shape, and color of this object. 
D)  Information from your retina travels directly to the primary visual cortex and the inferotemporal cortex.

Question 3

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world, rather than just in a laboratory. This approach emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)  a well-controlled design. 
B)  the viewer-centered approach. 
C)  holistic recognition. 
D)  ecological validity. 
A)  a well-controlled design. 
B)  the viewer-centered approach. 
C)  holistic recognition. 
D)  ecological validity.

Question 4

You have no difficulty distinguishing between the letters O and W, but it takes longer to distinguish between the letters O and Q. Which theory of object recognition does this support?

Accepted Answer

A)  Template-matching theory 
B)  Subjective-contour theory 
C)  Feature-analysis theory 
D)  Recognition-by-components models 
A)  Template-matching theory 
B)  Subjective-contour theory 
C)  Feature-analysis theory 
D)  Recognition-by-components models

Question 5

The theorists who argue for a special mechanism approach to speech perception emphasize that humans have a special-purpose portion of the brain that makes speech perception easier. They call this special mechanism a

Accepted Answer

A)  phonemic restoration unit. 
B)  coarticulation device. 
C)  phonetic module. 
D)  categorical perception module. 
A)  phonemic restoration unit. 
B)  coarticulation device. 
C)  phonetic module. 
D)  categorical perception module.

Question 6

If you were to study top-down processing as it applies to smell, which of the following topics would be most relevant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whether people recognize a lemon fragrance more readily when they see a photo of a lemon than when they see a photo of a rose. 
B)  Whether the chemical structure of lemon-fragrance molecules is substantially different from the chemical structure of rose-fragrance molecules. 
C)  Whether the receptors in the nasal passages respond differently to lemon and rose fragrances. 
D)  Whether the brain stores lemon and rose fragrances in different locations. 
A)  Whether people recognize a lemon fragrance more readily when they see a photo of a lemon than when they see a photo of a rose. 
B)  Whether the chemical structure of lemon-fragrance molecules is substantially different from the chemical structure of rose-fragrance molecules. 
C)  Whether the receptors in the nasal passages respond differently to lemon and rose fragrances. 
D)  Whether the brain stores lemon and rose fragrances in different locations.

Question 7

Many researchers argue that face perception is "special"; we process faces in a different way than we process other visual stimuli. According to this perspective,

Accepted Answer

A)  we process the color of human faces before we process their shape. 
B)  unlike other objects, information about faces does not pass through the primary visual cortex. 
C)  we recognize faces in terms of their entire shape, rather than in terms of their isolated features. 
D)  because faces are so complex, we take a long time to recognize that an object is a face; in contrast, we recognize simpler objects much more quickly. 
A)  we process the color of human faces before we process their shape. 
B)  unlike other objects, information about faces does not pass through the primary visual cortex. 
C)  we recognize faces in terms of their entire shape, rather than in terms of their isolated features. 
D)  because faces are so complex, we take a long time to recognize that an object is a face; in contrast, we recognize simpler objects much more quickly.

Question 8

There is a great deal of controversy in neuroscience over

Accepted Answer

A)  the idea that faces are processed differently than other stimuli. 
B)  the idea that the processing of faces is localized to a specific brain region. 
C)  the specific location of the fusiform face area of the brain. 
D)  whether brain damage can affect face processing without affecting the processing of other visual objects. 
A)  the idea that faces are processed differently than other stimuli. 
B)  the idea that the processing of faces is localized to a specific brain region. 
C)  the specific location of the fusiform face area of the brain. 
D)  whether brain damage can affect face processing without affecting the processing of other visual objects.

Question 9

Research on context and speech perception has demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  people are amazingly accurate in identifying when speech sounds are missing in a sentence. 
B)  people often do not notice a missing sound when it occurs within the context of a sentence. 
C)  speech perception is almost entirely a bottom-up process. 
D)  when a phoneme in a sentence is mispronounced, people typically cannot understand the sentence. 
A)  people are amazingly accurate in identifying when speech sounds are missing in a sentence. 
B)  people often do not notice a missing sound when it occurs within the context of a sentence. 
C)  speech perception is almost entirely a bottom-up process. 
D)  when a phoneme in a sentence is mispronounced, people typically cannot understand the sentence.

Question 10

The o sound in the word dog influences the position of your mouth when you pronounce the remainder of the word. This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the McGurk effect. 
B)  categorical perception. 
C)  phonemic restoration. 
D)  coarticulation. 
A)  the McGurk effect. 
B)  categorical perception. 
C)  phonemic restoration. 
D)  coarticulation.

Question 11

Which of the following students best summarizes the information about visual cues and speech perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dawan: "Adults who have normal hearing often fail to appreciate the visual cues, even though these cues are helpful." 
B)  Cheryl: "Surprisingly, adults can perceive speech just as accurately without visual cues as they can with visual cues." 
C)  Ralph: "Adults cannot distinguish among the visual cues associated with the phonemes, so they do not link these cues with the auditory stimuli." 
D)  Tiffany: "Although children pay attention to these visual cues, adults do not." 
A)  Dawan: "Adults who have normal hearing often fail to appreciate the visual cues, even though these cues are helpful." 
B)  Cheryl: "Surprisingly, adults can perceive speech just as accurately without visual cues as they can with visual cues." 
C)  Ralph: "Adults cannot distinguish among the visual cues associated with the phonemes, so they do not link these cues with the auditory stimuli." 
D)  Tiffany: "Although children pay attention to these visual cues, adults do not."

Question 12

The feature-analysis theories

Accepted Answer

A)  can only explain letter recognition; they cannot account for the recognition of other two-dimensional visual stimuli such as triangles or squares. 
B)  argue that each visual stimulus is unique, with no features in common with other visual stimuli. 
C)  propose that each visual stimulus must be compared with an idealized representation of an entire stimulus in memory. 
D)  state that we differentiate among stimuli in terms of a limited number of specific characteristics. 
A)  can only explain letter recognition; they cannot account for the recognition of other two-dimensional visual stimuli such as triangles or squares. 
B)  argue that each visual stimulus is unique, with no features in common with other visual stimuli. 
C)  propose that each visual stimulus must be compared with an idealized representation of an entire stimulus in memory. 
D)  state that we differentiate among stimuli in terms of a limited number of specific characteristics.

Question 13

Chapter 2 discusses a concept in object recognition called the "viewer-centered approach." Which of the following students provides the most accurate description of this approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  David: "This approach explains how an object appears to be three-dimensional." 
B)  Javier: "This is an adjustment that the visual system makes when the viewer walks closer to an object." 
C)  Melissa: "This is a modification of the recognition-by-components approach, to explain how we perceive an object from an unusual angle." 
D)  Becca: "This is a theoretical approach to perception that explains how each individual assumes that her or his perception is the only accurate representation." 
A)  David: "This approach explains how an object appears to be three-dimensional." 
B)  Javier: "This is an adjustment that the visual system makes when the viewer walks closer to an object." 
C)  Melissa: "This is a modification of the recognition-by-components approach, to explain how we perceive an object from an unusual angle." 
D)  Becca: "This is a theoretical approach to perception that explains how each individual assumes that her or his perception is the only accurate representation."

Question 14

Suppose that you look at a television screen for less than a second and then close your eyes. The image that is briefly preserved after the stimulus has disappeared is held in

Accepted Answer

A)  iconic memory. 
B)  echoic memory. 
C)  short-term memory. 
D)  long-term memory. 
A)  iconic memory. 
B)  echoic memory. 
C)  short-term memory. 
D)  long-term memory.

Question 15

The term "phoneme" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the written representation of a basic speech sound. 
B)  the basic unit of spoken language. 
C)  the meaning of a word, within the context of a sentence. 
D)  the grammatical aspects of a word. 
A)  the written representation of a basic speech sound. 
B)  the basic unit of spoken language. 
C)  the meaning of a word, within the context of a sentence. 
D)  the grammatical aspects of a word.

Question 16

The "general mechanism approach" to speech perception argues that

Accepted Answer

A)  we first obtain a general idea about a spoken message, and then we fill in the specific details. 
B)  we use similar processes for both speech perception and other auditory perception tasks. 
C)  learning does not play a major role in speech perception. 
D)  children are born with a general understanding about speech, and they fill in specific information as they grow older. 
A)  we first obtain a general idea about a spoken message, and then we fill in the specific details. 
B)  we use similar processes for both speech perception and other auditory perception tasks. 
C)  learning does not play a major role in speech perception. 
D)  children are born with a general understanding about speech, and they fill in specific information as they grow older.

Question 17

Suppose that a psychologist loans you an art book and says that the book includes some interesting ambiguous figure-ground pictures. You should expect to see

Accepted Answer

A)  a random arrangement of black-and-white figures. 
B)  a photo of real-life figures, rather than black-and-white shapes. 
C)  a picture in which a specific region is the central figure one moment, but this region becomes the background the next moment. 
D)  a picture that has at least two subjective contours. 
A)  a random arrangement of black-and-white figures. 
B)  a photo of real-life figures, rather than black-and-white shapes. 
C)  a picture in which a specific region is the central figure one moment, but this region becomes the background the next moment. 
D)  a picture that has at least two subjective contours.

Question 18

Suppose that a close friend is telling you about a very emotional experience she has just had. You are paying such close attention to her that you fail to notice that some strangers have just entered the room. This incident is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  change blindness. 
B)  illusory contour. 
C)  inattentional blindness. 
D)  a gestalt. 
A)  change blindness. 
B)  illusory contour. 
C)  inattentional blindness. 
D)  a gestalt.

Question 19

If you favor the general mechanism approach to speech perception, you would argue that

Accepted Answer

A)  people process speech sounds the same way that they process other kinds of sounds. 
B)  humans have a special phonetic module that handles all general speech perception tasks. 
C)  the McGurk effect does not support the general mechanism approach, but most other research supports this approach. 
D)  people use categorical perception when listening to a language sound; they do not use categorical perception on other cognitive tasks. 
A)  people process speech sounds the same way that they process other kinds of sounds. 
B)  humans have a special phonetic module that handles all general speech perception tasks. 
C)  the McGurk effect does not support the general mechanism approach, but most other research supports this approach. 
D)  people use categorical perception when listening to a language sound; they do not use categorical perception on other cognitive tasks.

Question 20

Suppose that you are reading a journal article that supports the "special mechanism approach" to speech perception. Which of the following statements would you be most likely to see?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans have an inborn ability that helps them perceive speech sounds. 
B)  Humans can perceive speech sounds especially well when the sounds are accompanied by music. 
C)  Speech perception operates in the same way as visual perception. 
D)  We can remember spoken sentences better than printed sentences. 
A)  Humans have an inborn ability that helps them perceive speech sounds. 
B)  Humans can perceive speech sounds especially well when the sounds are accompanied by music. 
C)  Speech perception operates in the same way as visual perception. 
D)  We can remember spoken sentences better than printed sentences.

According to the discussion of phoneme perception,

Suppose that you are looking at an object on your desk. Which of the following is the best example of the term perception?

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world, rather than just in a laboratory. This approach emphasizes

You have no difficulty distinguishing between the letters O and W, but it takes longer to distinguish between the letters O and Q. Which theory of object recognition does this support?

The theorists who argue for a special mechanism approach to speech perception emphasize that humans have a special-purpose portion of the brain that makes speech perception easier. They call this special mechanism a

If you were to study top-down processing as it applies to smell, which of the following topics would be most relevant?

Many researchers argue that face perception is "special"; we process faces in a different way than we process other visual stimuli. According to this perspective,

There is a great deal of controversy in neuroscience over

Research on context and speech perception has demonstrated that

The o sound in the word dog influences the position of your mouth when you pronounce the remainder of the word. This phenomenon is called

Which of the following students best summarizes the information about visual cues and speech perception?

The feature-analysis theories

Chapter 2 discusses a concept in object recognition called the "viewer-centered approach." Which of the following students provides the most accurate description of this approach?

Suppose that you look at a television screen for less than a second and then close your eyes. The image that is briefly preserved after the stimulus has disappeared is held in

The term "phoneme" refers to

The "general mechanism approach" to speech perception argues that

Suppose that a psychologist loans you an art book and says that the book includes some interesting ambiguous figure-ground pictures. You should expect to see

Suppose that a close friend is telling you about a very emotional experience she has just had. You are paying such close attention to her that you fail to notice that some strangers have just entered the room. This incident is an example of

If you favor the general mechanism approach to speech perception, you would argue that

Suppose that you are reading a journal article that supports the "special mechanism approach" to speech perception. Which of the following statements would you be most likely to see?

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 2: Visual and Auditory Recognition

According to the discussion of phoneme perception,

Suppose that you are looking at an object on your desk. Which of the following is the best example of the term perception?

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world, rather than just in a laboratory. This approach emphasizes

You have no difficulty distinguishing between the letters O and W, but it takes longer to distinguish between the letters O and Q. Which theory of object recognition does this support?

The theorists who argue for a special mechanism approach to speech perception emphasize that humans have a special-purpose portion of the brain that makes speech perception easier. They call this special mechanism a

If you were to study top-down processing as it applies to smell, which of the following topics would be most relevant?

Many researchers argue that face perception is "special"; we process faces in a different way than we process other visual stimuli. According to this perspective,

There is a great deal of controversy in neuroscience over

Research on context and speech perception has demonstrated that

The o sound in the word dog influences the position of your mouth when you pronounce the remainder of the word. This phenomenon is called

Which of the following students best summarizes the information about visual cues and speech perception?

The feature-analysis theories

Chapter 2 discusses a concept in object recognition called the "viewer-centered approach." Which of the following students provides the most accurate description of this approach?

Suppose that you look at a television screen for less than a second and then close your eyes. The image that is briefly preserved after the stimulus has disappeared is held in

The term "phoneme" refers to

The "general mechanism approach" to speech perception argues that

Suppose that a psychologist loans you an art book and says that the book includes some interesting ambiguous figure-ground pictures. You should expect to see

Suppose that a close friend is telling you about a very emotional experience she has just had. You are paying such close attention to her that you fail to notice that some strangers have just entered the room. This incident is an example of

If you favor the general mechanism approach to speech perception, you would argue that

Suppose that you are reading a journal article that supports the "special mechanism approach" to speech perception. Which of the following statements would you be most likely to see?

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters