Question 1

If one lesions the primary auditory cortex of a cat, the generalization gradient:

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes negative. 
B)  acquires two or more peaks. 
C)  acquires a much sharper peak. 
D)  flattens out. 
A)  becomes negative. 
B)  acquires two or more peaks. 
C)  acquires a much sharper peak. 
D)  flattens out.

Question 2

A distributed representation is one in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimuli are represented by overlapping pools of nodes or stimulus elements. 
B)  nodes or neurons responding to physically similar stimuli are near each other. 
C)  a unique node is used to represent each individual stimulus feature. 
D)  all of the nodes detect unique combinations of cues. 
A)  stimuli are represented by overlapping pools of nodes or stimulus elements. 
B)  nodes or neurons responding to physically similar stimuli are near each other. 
C)  a unique node is used to represent each individual stimulus feature. 
D)  all of the nodes detect unique combinations of cues.

Question 3

Suppose one trains a dog to come running for food when one whistles a 60 dB whistle and also trains the same dog to NOT come running when one whistles a 70 dB whistle. According to the peak-shift effect, which whistle would then lead to the dog's fastest running?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 dB 
B)  60 dB 
C)  70 dB 
D)  80 dB 
A)  50 dB 
B)  60 dB 
C)  70 dB 
D)  80 dB

Question 4

The different sensory cortices receive information about:

Accepted Answer

A)  whether a salient event has occurred. 
B)  the other sensory modalities. 
C)  the nature of an important consequence. 
D)  the type of response to make. 
A)  whether a salient event has occurred. 
B)  the other sensory modalities. 
C)  the nature of an important consequence. 
D)  the type of response to make.

Question 5

To enable a network to accomplish negative patterning, one can:

Accepted Answer

A)  use combinatorial explosion. 
B)  include consequential regions. 
C)  include shared elements. 
D)  use configural nodes. 
A)  use combinatorial explosion. 
B)  include consequential regions. 
C)  include shared elements. 
D)  use configural nodes.

Question 6

Describe the specific ways that generalization is affected in people with schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Discuss acqu

Question 7

Describe the role of the nucleus basalis in generalization.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Discuss ACH projection

Question 8

Negative patterning is difficult to learn because it requires the organism to suppress its tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)  make a motor response. 
B)  discriminate. 
C)  categorize. 
D)  generalize. 
A)  make a motor response. 
B)  discriminate. 
C)  categorize. 
D)  generalize.

Question 9

In a single-layer network using a discrete-component representation, negative patterning:

Accepted Answer

A)  is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to one stimulus and a weight of 0 to the other. 
B)  is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to both stimuli and a weight of 0 to their combination. 
C)  is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to both stimuli and to their combination. 
D)  cannot be represented in any way that would make the network respond correctly. 
A)  is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to one stimulus and a weight of 0 to the other. 
B)  is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to both stimuli and a weight of 0 to their combination. 
C)  is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to both stimuli and to their combination. 
D)  cannot be represented in any way that would make the network respond correctly.

Question 10

The process by which animals and humans learn to classify stimuli into categories is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination learning. 
B)  category learning. 
C)  configural learnaing. 
D)  negative patterning 
A)  discrimination learning. 
B)  category learning. 
C)  configural learnaing. 
D)  negative patterning

Question 11

_____ is a set of beliefs about the attributes of the members of a group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Discrimination 
B)  Stereotype 
C)  Confirmation bias 
D)  Racism 
A)  Discrimination 
B)  Stereotype 
C)  Confirmation bias 
D)  Racism

Question 12

The process by which one learns about new categories usually based on common features is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative patterning. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  concept formation. 
A)  negative patterning. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  concept formation.

Question 13

Explain why a distributed representation provides a better account of the generalization gradient than a discrete component representation does.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Describe the problem w

Question 14

A psychological representation of a category of objects, events, or people in the world is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  concept. 
B)  category. 
C)  prototype. 
D)  node. 
A)  concept. 
B)  category. 
C)  prototype. 
D)  node.

Question 15

_____ is a tendency to ignore information that conflicts with prior belief and focus on information that is consistent with that belief.

Accepted Answer

A)  Discrimination 
B)  Stereotypes 
C)  Confirmation bias 
D)  Racism 
A)  Discrimination 
B)  Stereotypes 
C)  Confirmation bias 
D)  Racism

Question 16

The form in which information about stimuli is encoded within a model or brain is:

Accepted Answer

A)  discrete-component representation. 
B)  stimulus representation. 
C)  the generalization gradient. 
D)  the configural node. 
A)  discrete-component representation. 
B)  stimulus representation. 
C)  the generalization gradient. 
D)  the configural node.

Question 17

The receptive field properties of A1 neurons can be explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the consequential region. 
B)  the homunculus. 
C)  distributed representations. 
D)  discrete-component representations. 
A)  the consequential region. 
B)  the homunculus. 
C)  distributed representations. 
D)  discrete-component representations.

If one lesions the primary auditory cortex of a cat, the generalization gradient:

A distributed representation is one in which:

Suppose one trains a dog to come running for food when one whistles a 60 dB whistle and also trains the same dog to NOT come running when one whistles a 70 dB whistle. According to the peak-shift effect, which whistle would then lead to the dog's fastest running?

The different sensory cortices receive information about:

To enable a network to accomplish negative patterning, one can:

Describe the specific ways that generalization is affected in people with schizophrenia.

Describe the role of the nucleus basalis in generalization.

Negative patterning is difficult to learn because it requires the organism to suppress its tendency to:

In a single-layer network using a discrete-component representation, negative patterning:

The process by which animals and humans learn to classify stimuli into categories is known as:

_____ is a set of beliefs about the attributes of the members of a group.

The process by which one learns about new categories usually based on common features is known as:

Explain why a distributed representation provides a better account of the generalization gradient than a discrete component representation does.

A psychological representation of a category of objects, events, or people in the world is referred to as a:

_____ is a tendency to ignore information that conflicts with prior belief and focus on information that is consistent with that belief.

The form in which information about stimuli is encoded within a model or brain is:

The receptive field properties of A1 neurons can be explained by:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

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Exam 6: Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

If one lesions the primary auditory cortex of a cat, the generalization gradient:

A distributed representation is one in which:

Suppose one trains a dog to come running for food when one whistles a 60 dB whistle and also trains the same dog to NOT come running when one whistles a 70 dB whistle. According to the peak-shift effect, which whistle would then lead to the dog's fastest running?

The different sensory cortices receive information about:

To enable a network to accomplish negative patterning, one can:

Describe the specific ways that generalization is affected in people with schizophrenia.

Describe the role of the nucleus basalis in generalization.

Negative patterning is difficult to learn because it requires the organism to suppress its tendency to:

In a single-layer network using a discrete-component representation, negative patterning:

The process by which animals and humans learn to classify stimuli into categories is known as:

_____ is a set of beliefs about the attributes of the members of a group.

The process by which one learns about new categories usually based on common features is known as:

Explain why a distributed representation provides a better account of the generalization gradient than a discrete component representation does.

A psychological representation of a category of objects, events, or people in the world is referred to as a:

_____ is a tendency to ignore information that conflicts with prior belief and focus on information that is consistent with that belief.

The form in which information about stimuli is encoded within a model or brain is:

The receptive field properties of A1 neurons can be explained by:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters