Question 1

Which finding confirms Gluck and Myers's prediction regarding the role of the hippocampus in generalization?

Accepted Answer

A)  People with schizophrenia display reduced acquired-equivalency effects. 
B)  Antipsychotic medications can affect acquired equivalence. 
C)  Activity in the hippocampus during generalization trials on an acquired-equivalency task is correlated with accuracy. 
D)  Activity in the hippocampus during learning trials on an acquired-equivalency task is correlated with accuracy. 
A)  People with schizophrenia display reduced acquired-equivalency effects. 
B)  Antipsychotic medications can affect acquired equivalence. 
C)  Activity in the hippocampus during generalization trials on an acquired-equivalency task is correlated with accuracy. 
D)  Activity in the hippocampus during learning trials on an acquired-equivalency task is correlated with accuracy.

Question 2

In the network model, each stimulus activates an input node that is connected by a layer of fixed weights to several nodes. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus sampling theory. 
B)  internal representation. 
C)  the connectionist model. 
D)  distributed representation. 
A)  stimulus sampling theory. 
B)  internal representation. 
C)  the connectionist model. 
D)  distributed representation.

Question 3

Suppose one gives the following information to a patient with schizophrenia: Joe is taller than Frank; Frank is taller than Jim; Jim is taller than Mike; and Mike is taller than Steve. With which comparison would the patient have the MOST difficulty?

Accepted Answer

A)  comparing Joe with Frank 
B)  comparing Steve with Jim 
C)  comparing Frank with Mike 
D)  comparing Mike with Steve 
A)  comparing Joe with Frank 
B)  comparing Steve with Jim 
C)  comparing Frank with Mike 
D)  comparing Mike with Steve

Question 4

Suppose one pairs a light and a tone in the first phase of a sensory preconditioning paradigm. If one then pairs just the light with a food pellet, such that the light elicits a salivation response, the tone presented alone will:

Accepted Answer

A)  elicit no response. 
B)  elicit salivation only if the light is presented at the same time. 
C)  suppress salivation. 
D)  also elicit salivation. 
A)  elicit no response. 
B)  elicit salivation only if the light is presented at the same time. 
C)  suppress salivation. 
D)  also elicit salivation.

Question 5

The discrete-component model and the distributed model differ in that only the:

Accepted Answer

A)  discrete-component model includes input nodes. 
B)  distributed model includes input nodes. 
C)  discrete-component model includes an internal representation layer. 
D)  distributed model includes an internal representation layer. 
A)  discrete-component model includes input nodes. 
B)  distributed model includes input nodes. 
C)  discrete-component model includes an internal representation layer. 
D)  distributed model includes an internal representation layer.

Question 6

Which characteristic is seen in people with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity in the hippocampus 
B)  smaller volume of the hippocampus 
C)  normal shape of the hippocampus 
D)  overgeneralization of learned associations 
A)  increased activity in the hippocampus 
B)  smaller volume of the hippocampus 
C)  normal shape of the hippocampus 
D)  overgeneralization of learned associations

Question 7

The central tendency of an idealized version of a concept or category is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  structure. 
B)  category. 
C)  concept. 
D)  prototype. 
A)  structure. 
B)  category. 
C)  concept. 
D)  prototype.

Question 8

Describe a network model that can account for the phenomenon of negative patterning.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Discuss the

Question 9

In a topographic representation:

Accepted Answer

A)  each possible stimulus is represented by its own unique node. 
B)  stimuli are represented by overlapping pools of nodes. 
C)  neighboring cortical regions respond to similar stimuli. 
D)  weights are changed according to the Rescorla-Wagner rule. 
A)  each possible stimulus is represented by its own unique node. 
B)  stimuli are represented by overlapping pools of nodes. 
C)  neighboring cortical regions respond to similar stimuli. 
D)  weights are changed according to the Rescorla-Wagner rule.

Question 10

The transfer of past learning to new situations and problems is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative patterning. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  discrimination. 
A)  negative patterning. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  discrimination.

Question 11

Jasmine quickly learned that she needed to use different techniques to calm her second child than those that had worked with her first child. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  negative patterning. 
A)  generalization. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  negative patterning.

Question 12

If one lesions the primary auditory cortex of a cat, the cat will:

Accepted Answer

A)  not be able to respond to any tones. 
B)  be able to respond only to a particular tone. 
C)  not be able to discriminate between different tones. 
D)  not be able to generalize different tones. 
A)  not be able to respond to any tones. 
B)  be able to respond only to a particular tone. 
C)  not be able to discriminate between different tones. 
D)  not be able to generalize different tones.

Question 13

In the peak-shift effect, the maximum response during generalization is:

Accepted Answer

A)  to the nonreinforced stimulus. 
B)  to the reinforced stimulus. 
C)  shifted toward the nonreinforced stimulus. 
D)  shifted away from the nonreinforced stimulus. 
A)  to the nonreinforced stimulus. 
B)  to the reinforced stimulus. 
C)  shifted toward the nonreinforced stimulus. 
D)  shifted away from the nonreinforced stimulus.

Question 14

Describe an example of discrimination (as it relates to the study of learning) in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Ex

Question 15

Chloe learned that babies who cry a lot also have trouble sleeping. When she later learned that babies who have trouble sleeping tend to be highly intelligent, she inferred that babies who cry a lot are also highly intelligent. This relationship is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  acquired equivalence. 
B)  sensory preconditioning. 
C)  discrimination training. 
D)  negative patterning. 
A)  acquired equivalence. 
B)  sensory preconditioning. 
C)  discrimination training. 
D)  negative patterning.

Question 16

If one uses a red light and a blue light as stimuli in a negative-patterning task, one would reward responding:

Accepted Answer

A)  to one light but not the other. 
B)  only when both lights are on at the same time. 
C)  only to a purple light. 
D)  to either light alone but not when both are on at the same time. 
A)  to one light but not the other. 
B)  only when both lights are on at the same time. 
C)  only to a purple light. 
D)  to either light alone but not when both are on at the same time.

Question 17

If one trains a distributed model to respond to a blue light and then presents it with a blue-green light, it responds to the blue-green light because:

Accepted Answer

A)  both lights activate the same input nodes. 
B)  the weights from the input nodes to the internal representation layer are fixed. 
C)  both lights activate some of the same nodes in the internal representation layer. 
D)  the blue-green input node activates the blue input node. 
A)  both lights activate the same input nodes. 
B)  the weights from the input nodes to the internal representation layer are fixed. 
C)  both lights activate some of the same nodes in the internal representation layer. 
D)  the blue-green input node activates the blue input node.

Question 18

Describe the procedure used to study sensory preconditioning. Why is sensory preconditioning an important aspect of learning?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Describe the three-pha

Question 19

If a tone and shock are repeatedly paired, neurons in A1:

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce their responding to the tone. 
B)  change their best frequency to correspond with that of the tone. 
C)  do not change their response to the tone. 
D)  reduce their response to tones of similar frequency. 
A)  reduce their responding to the tone. 
B)  change their best frequency to correspond with that of the tone. 
C)  do not change their response to the tone. 
D)  reduce their response to tones of similar frequency.

Question 20

What is combinatorial explosion? Why is it a problem in categorization learning?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Describe the

Which finding confirms Gluck and Myers's prediction regarding the role of the hippocampus in generalization?

In the network model, each stimulus activates an input node that is connected by a layer of fixed weights to several nodes. This is known as:

Suppose one gives the following information to a patient with schizophrenia: Joe is taller than Frank; Frank is taller than Jim; Jim is taller than Mike; and Mike is taller than Steve. With which comparison would the patient have the MOST difficulty?

Suppose one pairs a light and a tone in the first phase of a sensory preconditioning paradigm. If one then pairs just the light with a food pellet, such that the light elicits a salivation response, the tone presented alone will:

The discrete-component model and the distributed model differ in that only the:

Which characteristic is seen in people with schizophrenia?

The central tendency of an idealized version of a concept or category is referred to as the:

Describe a network model that can account for the phenomenon of negative patterning.

In a topographic representation:

The transfer of past learning to new situations and problems is known as:

Jasmine quickly learned that she needed to use different techniques to calm her second child than those that had worked with her first child. This is an example of:

If one lesions the primary auditory cortex of a cat, the cat will:

In the peak-shift effect, the maximum response during generalization is:

Describe an example of discrimination (as it relates to the study of learning) in everyday life.

Chloe learned that babies who cry a lot also have trouble sleeping. When she later learned that babies who have trouble sleeping tend to be highly intelligent, she inferred that babies who cry a lot are also highly intelligent. This relationship is an example of:

If one uses a red light and a blue light as stimuli in a negative-patterning task, one would reward responding:

If one trains a distributed model to respond to a blue light and then presents it with a blue-green light, it responds to the blue-green light because:

Describe the procedure used to study sensory preconditioning. Why is sensory preconditioning an important aspect of learning?

If a tone and shock are repeatedly paired, neurons in A1:

What is combinatorial explosion? Why is it a problem in categorization learning?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 6: Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation Memory Module

Which finding confirms Gluck and Myers's prediction regarding the role of the hippocampus in generalization?

In the network model, each stimulus activates an input node that is connected by a layer of fixed weights to several nodes. This is known as:

Suppose one gives the following information to a patient with schizophrenia: Joe is taller than Frank; Frank is taller than Jim; Jim is taller than Mike; and Mike is taller than Steve. With which comparison would the patient have the MOST difficulty?

Suppose one pairs a light and a tone in the first phase of a sensory preconditioning paradigm. If one then pairs just the light with a food pellet, such that the light elicits a salivation response, the tone presented alone will:

The discrete-component model and the distributed model differ in that only the:

Which characteristic is seen in people with schizophrenia?

The central tendency of an idealized version of a concept or category is referred to as the:

Describe a network model that can account for the phenomenon of negative patterning.

In a topographic representation:

The transfer of past learning to new situations and problems is known as:

Jasmine quickly learned that she needed to use different techniques to calm her second child than those that had worked with her first child. This is an example of:

If one lesions the primary auditory cortex of a cat, the cat will:

In the peak-shift effect, the maximum response during generalization is:

Describe an example of discrimination (as it relates to the study of learning) in everyday life.

Chloe learned that babies who cry a lot also have trouble sleeping. When she later learned that babies who have trouble sleeping tend to be highly intelligent, she inferred that babies who cry a lot are also highly intelligent. This relationship is an example of:

If one uses a red light and a blue light as stimuli in a negative-patterning task, one would reward responding:

If one trains a distributed model to respond to a blue light and then presents it with a blue-green light, it responds to the blue-green light because:

Describe the procedure used to study sensory preconditioning. Why is sensory preconditioning an important aspect of learning?

If a tone and shock are repeatedly paired, neurons in A1:

What is combinatorial explosion? Why is it a problem in categorization learning?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Significant Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Events and for Facts

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control Integrative Topics Module

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters