Exam 14: Nonexperimental Quantitative Research

In nonexperimental research, which type of an independent variable IQ is?

Analysis of covariance is a "special case" of the general linear model.

A spurious correlation is a noncausal correlation.

George is attempting to design a research study in which he uses grades in school and teachers' ratings to differentiate who will go to college and who will not. His research purpose is primarily:

The number of police officers and the number of crimes are positively related. This relationship is:

When changes in X tend to produce changes in Y, this is called:

Margaret worked on a research study where she asked children in different classrooms in the third, fourth, and fifth grades at her school to read a passage aloud during the spring time. She recorded the number of words they read per minute and graphed the data. This is an example of what type of research?

In nonexperimental research, the most common way to control for extraneous variables is through the use of:

Evaluate evidence for cause and effect using the three required conditions for cause-and-effect relationships.

A researcher studies the relationship between early reading and later school achievement. She decides that a potentially important extraneous variable is IQ. In developing her groups for her study, she pairs each child who was an early reader with a child of the same IQ level who was not an early reader. The control technique she used was:

A research study found that household income is related to children's school achievement. Which of the following would suggest a partially spurious relationship?

Analysis of covariance is one type of:

One way to lessen the third variable problem is to:

In a longitudinal study, data are collected at one point in time on several variables.

A problem with cross-sectional data is that:

A panel study is one in which independent samples of participants answer the same questions at one point in time about something that had happened in their past.

A researcher established a sample of participants who were all born in 2000. She asks them questions every five years. This is an example of:

All of the following statements are true of nonexperimental research projects except one. Which one is not true?

If a researcher is interested in cause-and-effect relationships, which design should she use?

Compare and contrast the two types of longitudinal research.