Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

A diet rich in animal protein contributes to increased levels of

Most potassium loss from the body occurs through

Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis.

If a physiologic condition resulted in blood pH reaching 7.2, but then physiological buffering systems brought the pH to 7.4, that increase in pH would be called

If a strong acid were to add H⁺ to the intracellular fluid, the effect would most likely be buffered, because

Angiotensin II triggers

When physiological systems cannot compensate for an acid-base disturbance, and the deviation from normal pH becomes more persistent, it is referred to as an acid-base ________.

If someone runs a marathon through a desert while eating pretzels and not drinking water, their plasma osmolarity

To account for their effects on osmotic pressure, the concentration of electrolytes is often expressed in

Water lost through feces is considered ________ water loss.

When blood starts to become too acidic, the kidneys respond by

The amine groups contained within amino acids of proteins can act as weak

An accumulation of fluid in one area of the body, such that the fluid is not available for use elsewhere, is known as fluid ________.

A comparison of the two major body fluid compartments reveals that

Facultative water loss is loss that

Which ion is the principal solute of the ECF and is crucial for neuromuscular and renal function?

An individual who consumes many antacids for stomach upset and many diuretics for high blood pressure will be at risk for metabolic

When the pH of the ECF decreases, K⁺ starts to move from the

The stimuli that trigger the release of ADH are

The most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid is