Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

Climbing at high altitude where oxygen levels are insufficient can lead to

When comparing a lean adult female to a lean adult male, which will most likely have a higher percentage of body fluid?

Respiratory acid-base disturbances involve fluctuations in carbonic acid whereas metabolic acid-base disturbances involve fluctuations in bicarbonate levels.

ANP causes an increase in the loss of sodium and water through urine.

An elevated level of potassium in the blood is referred to as ________.

Cerebrospinal fluid of the central nervous system and synovial fluid of joint capsules are both examples of

The adrenal gland releases aldosterone in response to

Decreased stretch of baroreceptors within the aorta and carotid arteries results in stimulation of the hypothalamus; this stimulation increases ADH secretion.

Severe diarrhea leads to a decrease in the pH of the blood.

Medicines that overstimulate respiratory centers in the brain lead to

Compared to adults, infants are ________ susceptible to respiratory acidosis due to lower ________.

To compensate for metabolic acidosis, the respiratory system increases breathing rate, which lowers the partial pressure of carbon dioxide below normal levels.

When blood starts to become more alkaline than normal, the renal tubules begin to

When fluid intake equals fluid output, and there is a normal distribution of solvent and solutes in the body's fluid compartments, fluid ________ exists.

Which type of intake accounts for most of our daily fluid intake?

The most abundant cation within cells is

In the brain, ADH ________ the thirst center, and in the kidneys, ADH causes an increase in water ________.

The most common type of acid-base imbalance is

Fixed acids are generally regulated by physiological buffering provided by the

Respiratory acidosis occurs when the partial pressure of