Question 1

Increases in secretion of the hormone ADH cause sodium concentration in the blood plasma to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  stay at the same level. 
C)  decrease. 
A)  increase. 
B)  stay at the same level. 
C)  decrease.

Question 2

Extreme hypotonic hydration can cause brain cells to swell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The hormone ANP causes systemic blood vessels to

Accepted Answer

A)  constrict, which raises blood pressure. 
B)  constrict, which lowers blood pressure. 
C)  dilate, which raises blood pressure. 
D)  dilate, which lowers blood pressure. 
A)  constrict, which raises blood pressure. 
B)  constrict, which lowers blood pressure. 
C)  dilate, which raises blood pressure. 
D)  dilate, which lowers blood pressure.

Question 4

Aerobic cellular respiration and dehydration synthesis reactions result in

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic water intake. 
B)  preformed water intake. 
C)  insensible water output. 
D)  preformed water output. 
E)  obligatory water output. 
A)  metabolic water intake. 
B)  preformed water intake. 
C)  insensible water output. 
D)  preformed water output. 
E)  obligatory water output.

Question 5

When compared to extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid contains

Accepted Answer

A)  more potassium and more negatively charged proteins. 
B)  more potassium but fewer negatively charged proteins. 
C)  less potassium but more negatively charged proteins. 
D)  less potassium and less negatively charged proteins. 
A)  more potassium and more negatively charged proteins. 
B)  more potassium but fewer negatively charged proteins. 
C)  less potassium but more negatively charged proteins. 
D)  less potassium and less negatively charged proteins.

Question 6

When NaCl is added to body fluids, it results in the addition of

Accepted Answer

A)  one solute particle per NaCl molecule and exerts an osmotic pressure equivalent to that of a nonelectrolyte. 
B)  two solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts twice the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules. 
C)  three solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts one-third the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules. 
D)  one solute particle per NaCl molecule, but because it is uncharged it does not result in osmotic pressure. 
A)  one solute particle per NaCl molecule and exerts an osmotic pressure equivalent to that of a nonelectrolyte. 
B)  two solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts twice the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules. 
C)  three solute particles per NaCl molecule and exerts one-third the osmotic pressure of the same number of nonelectrolyte molecules. 
D)  one solute particle per NaCl molecule, but because it is uncharged it does not result in osmotic pressure.

Question 7

When bicarbonate levels fall due to an accumulation of fixed acids in the body, the result is

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  insufficient respiration. 
D)  respiratory acidosis. 
E)  respiratory alkalosis. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  insufficient respiration. 
D)  respiratory acidosis. 
E)  respiratory alkalosis.

Question 8

How are sodium levels and blood pressure related?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased plasma sodium levels decrease water retention, decrease blood volume, and increase blood pressure. 
B)  Decreased plasma sodium levels increase water retention, increase blood volume, and decrease blood pressure. 
C)  Increased plasma sodium levels increase water retention, blood volume, and blood pressure. 
D)  Decreased plasma sodium levels decrease water retention, increase blood volume, and increase blood pressure. 
A)  Increased plasma sodium levels decrease water retention, decrease blood volume, and increase blood pressure. 
B)  Decreased plasma sodium levels increase water retention, increase blood volume, and decrease blood pressure. 
C)  Increased plasma sodium levels increase water retention, blood volume, and blood pressure. 
D)  Decreased plasma sodium levels decrease water retention, increase blood volume, and increase blood pressure.

Question 9

Drinking a liter of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
A)  increase. 
B)  decrease.

Question 10

Impaired renal function within the elderly elevates their risk for acid-base imbalance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Fluid intake causes blood volume to increase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Emphysema causes a decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane and thereby leads to respiratory

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis. 
B)  alkalosis. 
A)  acidosis. 
B)  alkalosis.

Question 13

The stimulus that directly triggers release of ANP is

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased pressure detected by baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries. 
B)  increased stretch of the heart atria. 
C)  increased saltiness in the cerebrospinal fluid bathing the hypothalamus of the brain. 
D)  increased saltiness of tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule. 
A)  decreased pressure detected by baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries. 
B)  increased stretch of the heart atria. 
C)  increased saltiness in the cerebrospinal fluid bathing the hypothalamus of the brain. 
D)  increased saltiness of tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 14

Both intracellular proteins (such as hemoglobin) and extracellular proteins (such as plasma proteins) can act as chemical buffers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Aldosterone causes kidney tubules to

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorb more sodium, water, and potassium. 
B)  reabsorb more sodium and water, and secrete more potassium. 
C)  reabsorb more sodium, and secret more water and potassium. 
D)  secrete more sodium, water, and potassium. 
E)  secrete more sodium and reabsorb more potassium. 
A)  reabsorb more sodium, water, and potassium. 
B)  reabsorb more sodium and water, and secrete more potassium. 
C)  reabsorb more sodium, and secret more water and potassium. 
D)  secrete more sodium, water, and potassium. 
E)  secrete more sodium and reabsorb more potassium.

Question 16

Imagine that an unprepared hiker goes for a long walk on a hot day and gets lost. He has no water, he is nervous, and he is sweating profusely. What effects will these conditions have on his endocrine system, and how will the hormones that are secreted influence his renal system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic stimulation (nervousness), l

Question 17

Renal compensation to a decrease in blood H+ levels is to increase the activity of type

Accepted Answer

A)  A cells to secrete more bicarbonate. 
B)  A cells to secrete less bicarbonate. 
C)  B cells to secrete more bicarbonate. 
D)  B cells to secrete less bicarbonate. 
A)  A cells to secrete more bicarbonate. 
B)  A cells to secrete less bicarbonate. 
C)  B cells to secrete more bicarbonate. 
D)  B cells to secrete less bicarbonate.

Question 18

Fixed acid is regulated by the ________ through the absorption and elimination of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney; bicarbonate and H+ 
B)  respiratory system; bicarbonate and H+ 
C)  kidney; carbonic acid 
D)  respiratory system; carbonic acid 
A)  kidney; bicarbonate and H+ 
B)  respiratory system; bicarbonate and H+ 
C)  kidney; carbonic acid 
D)  respiratory system; carbonic acid

Question 19

Renal failure would likely lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  volume depletion. 
B)  hypotonicity. 
C)  volume excess. 
D)  hypertonic ascites. 
A)  volume depletion. 
B)  hypotonicity. 
C)  volume excess. 
D)  hypertonic ascites.

Question 20

High levels of ADH cause

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction and therefore increases in blood pressure. 
B)  vasoconstriction and therefore decreases in blood pressure. 
C)  vasodilation and therefore increases in blood pressure. 
D)  vasodilation and therefore decreases in blood pressure. 
A)  vasoconstriction and therefore increases in blood pressure. 
B)  vasoconstriction and therefore decreases in blood pressure. 
C)  vasodilation and therefore increases in blood pressure. 
D)  vasodilation and therefore decreases in blood pressure.

Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

Increases in secretion of the hormone ADH cause sodium concentration in the blood plasma to

Extreme hypotonic hydration can cause brain cells to swell.

The hormone ANP causes systemic blood vessels to

Aerobic cellular respiration and dehydration synthesis reactions result in

When compared to extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid contains

When NaCl is added to body fluids, it results in the addition of

When bicarbonate levels fall due to an accumulation of fixed acids in the body, the result is

How are sodium levels and blood pressure related?

Drinking a liter of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to

Impaired renal function within the elderly elevates their risk for acid-base imbalance.

Fluid intake causes blood volume to increase.

Emphysema causes a decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane and thereby leads to respiratory

The stimulus that directly triggers release of ANP is

Both intracellular proteins (such as hemoglobin) and extracellular proteins (such as plasma proteins) can act as chemical buffers.

Aldosterone causes kidney tubules to

Imagine that an unprepared hiker goes for a long walk on a hot day and gets lost. He has no water, he is nervous, and he is sweating profusely. What effects will these conditions have on his endocrine system, and how will the hormones that are secreted influence his renal system?

Renal compensation to a decrease in blood H+ levels is to increase the activity of type

Fixed acid is regulated by the ________ through the absorption and elimination of ________.

Renal failure would likely lead to

High levels of ADH cause

The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Cellular Respiration

Biology of the Cell

Tissue Organization

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function

Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Skeletal System: Articulations

Muscle Tissue

Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue

Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

Nervous System: Senses

Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: Heart

Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System

Immune System and the Bodys Defense

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

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Development, Pregnancy, and Heredity

Filters

Renal compensation to a decrease in blood H⁺ levels is to increase the activity of type

Fixed acid is regulated by the through the absorption and elimination of .