Exam 12: Thermal Properties of Matter

The coefficient of volume expansion of a certain olive oil is 0.68 × 10^-3 K^-1. A 1.0-L glass beaker is filled to the brim with olive oil at room temperature. The beaker is placed on a range and the temperature of the oil and beaker increases by 25 C°. As a result, 0.0167 L of olive oil spills over the top of the beaker. Which of the following values is closest to the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass from which the beaker is made?

In a given reversible process, the temperature of an ideal gas is kept constant as the gas is compressed to a smaller volume. Which one of the following statements about the gas is correct?

The density of water at 0°C is 999.84 kg/m³ and at 4°C it is 999.96 kg/m³. A 1.0-L container, full to the brim with water at 4.0°C is placed in the refrigerator. By the time that the temperature of the water reaches 0.0°C, what volume of water has spilled from the container, assuming that the contraction of the container is negligible?

A .20-kg ice cube at 0.0°C has sufficient heat added to it to cause total melting, and the resulting water is heated to $70.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ How much heat is added? For water L_F = 334,000 J/kg, L_V = 2.256 × 10⁶ J/kg, the c = 4.186 x 10³ J/kg ? C.

Two metal rods, one silver and the other copper, are both immersed at one end in a steam chamber at a temperature of 100°C. The other end of each one is in an ice water bath at 0°C. The rods are 5.0 cm long and have a square cross-section that is 2.0 cm on a side. No heat is exchanged between the rods and the surroundings, except at the ends. How much total heat flows through the two rods each minute? The thermal conductivity of silver is 417 W/m ∙ K, and that of copper is 395 W/m ∙ K.

An expansion process on an ideal diatomic ideal gas has a linear path between the initial and final coordinates on a pV diagram. The coordinates of the initial state are: the pressure is 300 kPa, the volume is $0.0700 \mathrm {~m} ^ { 3 }$ and the temperature is $390 \mathrm {~K} .$ The final pressure is $130 \mathrm { kPa }$ and the final temperature is $310 \mathrm {~K} .$ How much work is done by the gas during this process? (R = 8.31 J/mol ? K)

A heat-conducting rod that is wrapped in insulation is constructed with a 0.15-m length of alloy A and a 0.40-m length of alloy B, joined end-to-end. Both pieces have cross-sectional areas of 0.0020 m². The thermal conductivity of alloy B is known to be 1.8 times as great as that for alloy A. The end of the rod in alloy A is maintained at a temperature of 10°C, and the other end of the rod is maintained at an unknown temperature. When steady state flow has been established, the temperature at the junction of the alloys is measured to be 40° C, and the rate of heat flow in the rod is measured at 56 W. -What is the temperature of the end of the rod in alloy B?

A brass rod is 69.5 cm long and an aluminum rod is 49.3 cm long when both rods are at an initial temperature of 0° C. The rods are placed in line with a gap of 1.2 cm between them, as shown in the figure. The distance between the far ends of the rods is maintained at 120.0 cm throughout. The temperature of both rods is raised equally until they are barely in contact. At what temperature does contact occur? The coefficients of linear expansion of brass and aluminum are 2.0 ×10^-5 K^-1 (brass)and 2.4 × 10^-5 K^-1 (aluminum).

A heat-conducting rod, 0.90 m long and wrapped in insulation, is made of an aluminum section that is 0.20 m long and a copper section that is $0.70 \mathrm {~m}$ long. Both sections have a cross-sectional area of $0.00040 \mathrm {~m} ^ { 2 }$ The aluminum end and the copper end are maintained at temperatures of $30 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ and $230 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ respectively. The thermal conductivities of aluminum and copper are 205 W/m ? K (aluminum)and 385 W/m ? K (copper). What is the temperature of the aluminum-copper junction in the rod with steady state heat flow?

By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the sun warm the earth?

As shown in the figure, a bimetallic strip, consisting of metal G on the top and metal H on the bottom, is rigidly attached to a wall at the left. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for metal G is greater than that of metal H. If the strip is uniformly heated, it will

The coefficient of linear expansion for aluminum is 1.8 × 10^-6 K^-1. What is its coefficient of volume expansion?

A fixed container holds oxygen and helium gases at the same temperature. Which of the following statements are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole in the wall of the furnace, of area 0.5 cm². This hole acts like a perfect blackbody radiator having the same temperature as the interior of the furnace. If the temperature of the furnace (and therefore of the hole)is to be maintained at 1650°C, how much power will the hole radiate?

A laboratory vacuum pump can reduce the pressure in a chamber to 1.0 × 10^-7 Pa. If the volume of the chamber is 0.500 m³ and the temperature is 27°C, how many molecules are left inside the chamber? (N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol, R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K)

How much heat must be added to a 8.0-kg block of ice at -8°C to change it to water at $14 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } ?$ The specific heat of ice is 2050 J/kg ? C°, the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ? C°, the latent heat of fusion of ice is 334,000 J/kg, and 1 cal = 4.186 J.

Some properties of a certain glass are listed here: Density 2300 kg/m³ Specific heat capacity 840 J/kg ? C° Coefficient of thermal expansion 8.5 × 10^-6 (C°)^-1 Thermal conductivity 0.80 W/m ? C° A glass window pane is 2.7 m high, 2.4 m wide, and 9.0 mm thick. The temperature at the inner surface of the glass is $19 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ and at the outer surface 4°C. How much heat is lost each hour through the window?

By what length will a slab of concrete that is originally 18 m long contract when the temperature drops from 24°C to -16°C? The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for this concrete is 1.0 × 10^-5 K^-1.

A concrete wall of a cold storage room measures 3.0 m high, 5.0 m wide, and 20 cm thick. The inside wall is to be covered by a layer of wood in order to reduce the rate of heat flow through the wall by 90 percent. The inner surface of the wooden wall is maintained at -10°C and the outer surface of the concrete wall is at 20°C. The thermal conductivities of concrete and wood are 0.80 W/m ? K (concrete)and 0.040 W/m ? K (wood). - What is the temperature difference across the layer of wood?

A sealed 87- $m ^ { 3 }$ tank is filled with 6000 moles of ideal oxygen gas O₂ at an initial temperature of 270 K. The gas is heated to a final temperature of 460 K. The atomic mass of oxygen is 16.0 g/mol. How much heat is transferred to the gas during this process? (R = 8.31 J/mol ? K)