Question 1

The process shown on the pV diagram in the figure is an

Accepted Answer

A) adiabatic expansion. 
B) isothermal expansion. 
C) isometric expansion. 
D) isobaric expansion. 
A) adiabatic expansion. 
B) isothermal expansion. 
C) isometric expansion. 
D) isobaric expansion.

Question 2

How much power does a sphere with a radius of 10 cm radiate into empty space if is has an emissivity of 1.0 and is kept at a temperature of 400 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10-8 W/m2 ∙ K4)

Accepted Answer

A) 60 W 
B) 70 W 
C) 180 W 
D) 210 W 
E) 360 W 
A) 60 W 
B) 70 W 
C) 180 W 
D) 210 W 
E) 360 W

Question 3

A glass flask has a volume of 500 mL at a temperature of 20° C. The flask contains 492 mL of mercury at an equilibrium temperature of 20°C. The temperature is raised until the mercury reaches the 500 mL reference mark. At what temperature does this occur? The coefficients of volume expansion of mercury and glass are 18 ×10-5 K-1 (mercury)and 2.0 ×10-5 K-1 (glass).

Accepted Answer

A) 120°C 
B) 110°C 
C) 100°C 
D) 140°C 
E) 130°C 
A) 120°C 
B) 110°C 
C) 100°C 
D) 140°C 
E) 130°C

Question 4

The absolute temperature of a gas is T. In order to double the rms speed of its molecules, what should be the new absolute temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) 4T 
B) 2T 
C) T $\sqrt { 2 }$ 
D) 8T 
E) 16T 
A) 4T 
B) 2T 
C) T $\sqrt { 2 }$ 
D) 8T 
E) 16T

Question 5

The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 24.0 × 10-6 K-1, and the density of aluminum at 0°C is 2.70 × 103 kg/m3. What is the density of aluminum at 300°C?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.93 × 103 kg/m3 
B) 2.73 × 103 kg/m3 
C) 2.70 × 103 kg/m3 
D) 2.67 × 103 kg/m3 
E) 2.64 × 103 kg/m3 
A) 3.93 × 103 kg/m3 
B) 2.73 × 103 kg/m3 
C) 2.70 × 103 kg/m3 
D) 2.67 × 103 kg/m3 
E) 2.64 × 103 kg/m3

Question 6

A sealed container holds 0.020 moles of ideal nitrogen (N2)gas, at a pressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of 290 K. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol. How many molecules of nitrogen are in the container? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, 1 atm = 101 kPa)

Accepted Answer

A) 1.5 × 1021 mol 
B) 3.0 × 1021 mol 
C) 6.0 × 1021 mol 
D) 1.2 × 1022 mol 
E) 2.4 × 1022 mol 
A) 1.5 × 1021 mol 
B) 3.0 × 1021 mol 
C) 6.0 × 1021 mol 
D) 1.2 × 1022 mol 
E) 2.4 × 1022 mol

Question 7

The coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17 × 10-6 K-1 and that of steel is 12 × 10-6 K-1. At 12°C a steel rod has a diameter of 2.540 cm and a copper pipe has a diameter of 2.536 cm. Which one of the following quantities is closest to the temperature to which the copper pipe must be heated in order for the unheated steel rod to fit snugly in the copper pipe?

Accepted Answer

A) 53°C 
B) 81°C 
C) 93°C 
D) 105°C 
E) 143°C 
A) 53°C 
B) 81°C 
C) 93°C 
D) 105°C 
E) 143°C

Question 8

A gas is taken through the cycle shown in the pV diagram in the figure. During one cycle, how much work is done by the gas?

Accepted Answer

A) p0V0 
B) 2 p0V0 
C) 3 p0V0 
D) 4 p0V0 
A) p0V0 
B) 2 p0V0 
C) 3 p0V0 
D) 4 p0V0

Question 9

Two experimental runs are performed to determine the calorimetric properties of an alcohol which has a melting point of -10.0° C. In the first run, a 200-g cube of frozen alcohol, at the melting point, is added to 300 g of water at 20.0°C in a styrofoam container. When thermal equilibrium is reached, the alcohol-water solution is at a temperature of 5.0°C. In the second run, an identical cube of alcohol is added to 500 g of water at 20.0°C and the temperature at thermal equilibrium is 10.0°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4190 J/kg ∙ K. Assume no heat is exchanged with the styrofoam container and the surroundings. What is the heat of fusion of the alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A) 5.5 × 104 J/kg 
B) 6.3 × 104 J/kg 
C) 7.1 × 104 J/kg 
D) 7.9 × 104 J/kg 
E) 8.7 × 104 J/kg 
A) 5.5 × 104 J/kg 
B) 6.3 × 104 J/kg 
C) 7.1 × 104 J/kg 
D) 7.9 × 104 J/kg 
E) 8.7 × 104 J/kg

Question 10

When 50 g of a certain material at 100°C is mixed with 100 g of water at 0°C, the final temperature is 40°C. What is the specific heat of the material? The specific heat of water is 1.00 kcal/kg ∙ C°.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.33 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
B) 0.75 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
C) 1.3 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
D) 7.5 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
A) 0.33 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
B) 0.75 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
C) 1.3 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
D) 7.5 kcal/kg ∙ C°

Question 11

A certain automobile tire has a volume of 0.0185 m3. If the absolute (or total)pressure in the tire is 500 kPa and the temperature is 298 K, how many molecules are there inside the tire? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, NA = 6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol)

Accepted Answer

A) 2.25 × 1023 molecules 
B) 2.25 × 1024 molecules 
C) 3.25 × 1023 molecules 
D) 3.25 × 1024 molecules 
E) 3.25 × 1025 molecules 
A) 2.25 × 1023 molecules 
B) 2.25 × 1024 molecules 
C) 3.25 × 1023 molecules 
D) 3.25 × 1024 molecules 
E) 3.25 × 1025 molecules

Question 12

Dust particles in a grain elevator frequently have masses of the order of 1.0 × 10-9 kg. If, to a first approximation, we model the dust particles as an ideal gas, what would be the rms speed of such a particle in air at 27°C? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K .

Accepted Answer

A) 3.5 × 10-6 m/s 
B) 5.6 × 10-5 m/s 
C) 7.8 × 10-4 m/s 
D) 5.2 × 10-3 m/s 
E) 4.9 × 10-2 m/s 
A) 3.5 × 10-6 m/s 
B) 5.6 × 10-5 m/s 
C) 7.8 × 10-4 m/s 
D) 5.2 × 10-3 m/s 
E) 4.9 × 10-2 m/s

Question 13

A 6.5-g iron meteor hits the earth at a speed of 295 m/s. If its kinetic energy is entirely converted to heat in the meteor, by how much will its temperature rise? The specific heat of iron is 113 cal/kg ∙ C°, and 1 cal = 4.186 J.

Accepted Answer

A) 92.0 C° 
B) 57,100 C° 
C) 0.147 C° 
D) 384 C° 
A) 92.0 C° 
B) 57,100 C° 
C) 0.147 C° 
D) 384 C°

Question 14

A person is walking outdoors on a cold day when the temperature is -20°C. He is breathing at the rate of 16 breaths per minute, and each time he breathes in he inhales 0.0050 m3 of air. At what rate does he lose heat from breathing if the air in his lungs is heated to body temperature (37°C)before it is exhaled? The specific heat of air is 1020 J/kg ∙ K and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m3.

Accepted Answer

A) 60 W 
B) 90 W 
C) 100 W 
D) 150 W 
E) 300 W 
A) 60 W 
B) 90 W 
C) 100 W 
D) 150 W 
E) 300 W

Question 15

A flask contains a mixture of argon and neon gases at a stabilized temperature. The root-mean-square speed of the argon gas is determined to be 1.21 km/s. What is the root-mean-square speed of the neon gas? The atomic mass of argon is 39.95 g/mol, and that of neon is 20.18 g/mol.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A flask contains a mixture of argon...

Question 16

The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of the following quantities?

Accepted Answer

A) the average speed of its molecules 
B) the average momentum of its molecules 
C) the average kinetic energy of its molecules 
D) the mass of its molecules 
E) It is proportional to all of the above quantities. 
A) the average speed of its molecules 
B) the average momentum of its molecules 
C) the average kinetic energy of its molecules 
D) the mass of its molecules 
E) It is proportional to all of the above quantities.

Question 17

On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical properties of these materials?

Accepted Answer

A) density 
B) specific heat 
C) emissivity 
D) thermal conductivity 
E) mass 
A) density 
B) specific heat 
C) emissivity 
D) thermal conductivity 
E) mass

Question 18

How much heat is required to increase the temperature of 1.70 moles of an ideal monatomic gas by 23.0 K at constant pressure? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K)

Accepted Answer

A) 812 J 
B) 346 J 
C) 751 J 
D) 391 J 
E) 290 J 
A) 812 J 
B) 346 J 
C) 751 J 
D) 391 J 
E) 290 J

Question 19

At what temperature would the root mean square speed of oxygen molecules, O2, be $14.0 \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$ if oxygen behaves like an ideal gas? The mass of one O2 molecule is 5.312 × 10-26 kg, and the Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.251 K 
B) 2090 K 
C) 6270 K 
D) 1.52 × 1023 K 
A) 0.251 K 
B) 2090 K 
C) 6270 K 
D) 1.52 × 1023 K

Question 20

What is the net power radiated by a little animal with a surface area of 0.075 m2 if his emissivity is 0.75, his skin temperature is 315 K, and he is in a room with a temperature of 290 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10-8 W/m2 ∙ K4)

Accepted Answer

A) 8.8 W 
B) 6.0 W 
C) 8.0 W 
D) 15 W 
E) 18 W 
A) 8.8 W 
B) 6.0 W 
C) 8.0 W 
D) 15 W 
E) 18 W

Exam 12: Thermal Properties of Matter

The process shown on the pV diagram in the figure is an

How much power does a sphere with a radius of 10 cm radiate into empty space if is has an emissivity of 1.0 and is kept at a temperature of 400 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10-8 W/m2 ∙ K4)

The absolute temperature of a gas is T. In order to double the rms speed of its molecules, what should be the new absolute temperature?

The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 24.0 × 10-6 K-1, and the density of aluminum at 0°C is 2.70 × 103 kg/m3. What is the density of aluminum at 300°C?

A sealed container holds 0.020 moles of ideal nitrogen (N2)gas, at a pressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of 290 K. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol. How many molecules of nitrogen are in the container? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, 1 atm = 101 kPa)

A gas is taken through the cycle shown in the pV diagram in the figure. During one cycle, how much work is done by the gas?

When 50 g of a certain material at 100°C is mixed with 100 g of water at 0°C, the final temperature is 40°C. What is the specific heat of the material? The specific heat of water is 1.00 kcal/kg ∙ C°.

A certain automobile tire has a volume of 0.0185 m3. If the absolute (or total)pressure in the tire is 500 kPa and the temperature is 298 K, how many molecules are there inside the tire? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, NA = 6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol)

Dust particles in a grain elevator frequently have masses of the order of 1.0 × 10-9 kg. If, to a first approximation, we model the dust particles as an ideal gas, what would be the rms speed of such a particle in air at 27°C? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K .

A 6.5-g iron meteor hits the earth at a speed of 295 m/s. If its kinetic energy is entirely converted to heat in the meteor, by how much will its temperature rise? The specific heat of iron is 113 cal/kg ∙ C°, and 1 cal = 4.186 J.

A flask contains a mixture of argon and neon gases at a stabilized temperature. The root-mean-square speed of the argon gas is determined to be 1.21 km/s. What is the root-mean-square speed of the neon gas? The atomic mass of argon is 39.95 g/mol, and that of neon is 20.18 g/mol.

The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of the following quantities?

On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical properties of these materials?

How much heat is required to increase the temperature of 1.70 moles of an ideal monatomic gas by 23.0 K at constant pressure? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K)

At what temperature would the root mean square speed of oxygen molecules, O2, be 14.0 m/s14.0 \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }14.0 m/s if oxygen behaves like an ideal gas? The mass of one O2 molecule is 5.312 × 10-26 kg, and the Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K.

What is the net power radiated by a little animal with a surface area of 0.075 m2 if his emissivity is 0.75, his skin temperature is 315 K, and he is in a room with a temperature of 290 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10-8 W/m2 ∙ K4)

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How much power does a sphere with a radius of 10 cm radiate into empty space if is has an emissivity of 1.0 and is kept at a temperature of 400 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10^-8 W/m² ∙ K⁴)

The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 24.0 × 10^-6 K^-1, and the density of aluminum at 0°C is 2.70 × 10³ kg/m³. What is the density of aluminum at 300°C?

A sealed container holds 0.020 moles of ideal nitrogen (N₂)gas, at a pressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of 290 K. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol. How many molecules of nitrogen are in the container? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, 1 atm = 101 kPa)

A certain automobile tire has a volume of 0.0185 m³. If the absolute (or total)pressure in the tire is 500 kPa and the temperature is 298 K, how many molecules are there inside the tire? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, N_A = 6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mol)

Dust particles in a grain elevator frequently have masses of the order of 1.0 × 10^-9 kg. If, to a first approximation, we model the dust particles as an ideal gas, what would be the rms speed of such a particle in air at 27°C? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K .

At what temperature would the root mean square speed of oxygen molecules, O₂, be $14.0 \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$ if oxygen behaves like an ideal gas? The mass of one O₂ molecule is 5.312 × 10^-26 kg, and the Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K.

What is the net power radiated by a little animal with a surface area of 0.075 m² if his emissivity is 0.75, his skin temperature is 315 K, and he is in a room with a temperature of 290 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10^-8 W/m² ∙ K⁴)