Exam 12: Thermal Properties of Matter

A 4.0-kg aluminum block is originally at 10°C. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature? The specific heat capacity of aluminum is 910 J/kg ∙ K.

A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper, with the aluminum and the copper in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. - Which object experiences the greater temperature change during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron (of specific heat 470 J/kg ∙ K )and 0.16 kg of copper (of specific heat 390 J/kg ∙ K). How much heat must be added to the gear to raise its temperature from 18°C to 53°C?

On a cold day, you take in 4.2 L of air into your lungs at a temperature of 0°C. If you hold your breath until the temperature of the air in your lungs reaches 37°C, what is the volume of the air in your lungs at that point, assuming the pressure does not change?

A sealed cylinder fitted with a movable piston contains ideal gas at 27°C, pressure 0.500 × 10⁵ Pa, and volume 1.25 m³. What will be the final temperature if the gas is compressed to 0.800 m³ and the pressure rises to 0.820 × 10⁵ Pa?

A window glass that is 0.5 cm thick has dimensions of 3 m by 1.5 m. The thermal conductivity of this glass is 0.8 W/m ∙ K. If the outside surface of the glass is at -10°C and the inside surface is at 20°C, how much heat flows through the window in every hour?

A rigid container is filled with 4.0 mol of air with C_V = 2.5R. How much does the internal (thermal)energy of the air change if its temperature rises from $18 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ to $448 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } \text { ? }$ (R = 8.31 J/mol ? K)

A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper, with the aluminum and the copper in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. - Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

The figure shows a pV diagram for 8.3 g of ideal nitrogen gas N₂ in a sealed container. The temperature of state 1 is 59°C, the atomic mass of the nitrogen atom is 14 g/mol, and R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K. What are (a)pressure p₁ and (b)temperature T₂?

A quantity of an ideal gas is kept in a rigid container of constant volume. If the gas is originally at a temperature of 19°C, at what temperature will the pressure of the gas double from its original value?

What is the average translational kinetic energy of a nitrogen molecule in the air in a room in which the air temperature is 17°C? The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K.

A blacksmith is flattening a steel plate having dimensions 10 cm × 15 cm × 1 mm. He has heated the plate to 900 K. If the emissivity of the plate is 0.75, at what rate does it lose energy by radiation? Ignore any heat exchange with the surroundings. (σ = 5.67 × 10^-8 W/m² ∙ K⁴)

In grinding a steel knife, the metal can get as hot as 400°C. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at 20°C if the water is to remain liquid and not rise above 100°C when the hot blade is quenched in it? The specific heat of the steel is 0.11 cal/g ∙ C° and the specific heat of water is 1.0 cal/g ∙ C°.

An aluminum electric tea kettle with a mass of 500 g is heated with a 500-W heating coil. How long will it take to heat up 1.0 kg of water from 18°C to 98°C in the tea kettle? The specific heat of aluminum is 900 J/kg ∙ K and that of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

A steel bridge is 1000 m long at -20°C in winter. What is the change in length when the temperature rises to 40°C in summer? The average coefficient of linear expansion of this steel is 11 × 10^-6 K^-1.

A solid object has a volume density ?₀ at a temperature of 315 K. The coefficient of volume expansion for the material of which it is made is 7.00 × 10^-5 K^-1. What will be its density (in terms of ?₀ at a temperature of 425 K, assuming that it does not melt and that its thermal properties do not change with temperature?

How many moles are there in 2.00 kg of copper? The atomic weight of copper is 63.5 g/mol and its density is 8.90 g/cm³.

A compression at a constant pressure of 200 kPa is performed on 8.00 moles of an ideal monatomic gas. The compression reduces the volume of the gas from $0.200 \mathrm {~m} ^ { 3 }$ to $0.120 \mathrm {~m} ^ { 3 }$ How much work was done by the gas during this process?

If 150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of a material by 400 F°, what is the specific heat capacity of the material?

An ideal gas is compressed isobarically to one-third of its initial volume. The resulting pressure will be