Question 1

The key mediators of apoptosis are the .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The key mediators of apoptosis are the...

Question 2

Prostaglandins are NOT

Accepted Answer

A) important in smooth muscle function. 
B) endocrine hormones. 
C) stimulators of inflammation. 
D) formed from arachidonic acid. 
E) paracrine hormones. 
A) important in smooth muscle function. 
B) endocrine hormones. 
C) stimulators of inflammation. 
D) formed from arachidonic acid. 
E) paracrine hormones.

Question 3

A type of programmed cell death associated with DNA fragmentation and caspases is known as .

Accepted Answer

The answer of A type of programmed cell death associated...

Question 4

Kinases are enzymes that

Accepted Answer

A) remove phosphate groups. 
B) add phosphate groups. 
C) do not alter target activity. 
D) are always inhibitory. 
E) all of the above. 
A) remove phosphate groups. 
B) add phosphate groups. 
C) do not alter target activity. 
D) are always inhibitory. 
E) all of the above.

Question 5

You are testing a drug that might be marketed as an anti- inflammatory agent. It would be a good choice if it possessed which of the following responses?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulates the release of prostaglandins 
B) stimulates the activation of platelets 
C) blocks adenylate cyclase activity 
D) blocks an enzyme associated with arachidonic acid production 
E) all of the above 
A) stimulates the release of prostaglandins 
B) stimulates the activation of platelets 
C) blocks adenylate cyclase activity 
D) blocks an enzyme associated with arachidonic acid production 
E) all of the above

Question 6

Phosphatases are enzymes that

Accepted Answer

A) are always inhibitory. 
B) remove phosphate groups. 
C) add phosphate groups. 
D) do not alter target activity. 
E) all of the above 
A) are always inhibitory. 
B) remove phosphate groups. 
C) add phosphate groups. 
D) do not alter target activity. 
E) all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following pairings is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) phospholipase C- inositol triphosphate 
B) calmodulin- calcium ions 
C) phospholipase C- diacylglycerol (DAG) 
D) adenylyl cyclase- ATP 
A) phospholipase C- inositol triphosphate 
B) calmodulin- calcium ions 
C) phospholipase C- diacylglycerol (DAG) 
D) adenylyl cyclase- ATP

Question 8

Base your answers to the questions below on the following information:
You have isolated a factor from the blood of a space alien and named it XFF (for X- files factor). Based on preliminary data, you think that XFF could be one of three compounds normally found in human blood: epidermal growth factor (EGF), epinephrine, or estrogen.
-After determining which preparation contained the XFF receptor, you wish to determine the properties of the ligand receptor. Using a radioactive XFF, you wish to determine if the properties are similar to that of epinephrine and the epinephrine receptor. If so, you expect to find the radioactive XFF

Accepted Answer

A) associated with mitochondria. 
B) in the nucleus. 
C) associated with the ER. 
D) on the cell surface. 
E) within the cell. 
A) associated with mitochondria. 
B) in the nucleus. 
C) associated with the ER. 
D) on the cell surface. 
E) within the cell.

Question 9

In animal eggs, once fertilization occurs, are the second messengers that trigger egg activation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In animal eggs, once fertilization occurs, are...

Question 10

With regard to hormones, responses occurring over the shortest distance would be classified as

Accepted Answer

A) exocrine. 
B) paracrine. 
C) endocrine. 
D) Choices A, B, and C all act over the same distance. 
E) none of the above 
A) exocrine. 
B) paracrine. 
C) endocrine. 
D) Choices A, B, and C all act over the same distance. 
E) none of the above

Question 11

Design experiments that would allow you to independently detect each of the following: G- protein mediated signal transduction, nitric oxide signal transduction, and calcium ion fluxes.

Accepted Answer

A variety of valid answers could be obta

Question 12

You have recently identified a molecule that you believe to be a ligand associated with a signal transduction mechanism. All you know about this ligand is that chemically it is hydrophilic. As a result, you expect it to interact with its receptor

Accepted Answer

A) on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. 
B) at the outer cell surface. 
C) within the cytoplasm of the cell. 
D) within the nucleus of the cell. 
E) all of the above 
A) on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. 
B) at the outer cell surface. 
C) within the cytoplasm of the cell. 
D) within the nucleus of the cell. 
E) all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning the properties of ligands for intracellular receptor systems is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Some ligands are carried in the blood bound to specific proteins. 
B) Steroids are produced from cholesterol. 
C) Changes in the composition of your diet can affect the concentration of some of these ligands in your body. 
D) both A and C 
E) choices A, B, and C 
A) Some ligands are carried in the blood bound to specific proteins. 
B) Steroids are produced from cholesterol. 
C) Changes in the composition of your diet can affect the concentration of some of these ligands in your body. 
D) both A and C 
E) choices A, B, and C

Question 14

IP3 receptors are associated with

Accepted Answer

A) lysosome. 
B) ER membranes. 
C) mitochondrial membranes. 
D) intracellular membranes. 
E) plasma membranes. 
A) lysosome. 
B) ER membranes. 
C) mitochondrial membranes. 
D) intracellular membranes. 
E) plasma membranes.

Question 15

All of the following are second messengers, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine. 
B) calcium ions. 
C) diacylglycerol. 
D) inositol trisphosphate. 
E) cyclic adenosine monophosphate. 
A) epinephrine. 
B) calcium ions. 
C) diacylglycerol. 
D) inositol trisphosphate. 
E) cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

Question 16

Which hormone is not an amino acid derivative?

Accepted Answer

A) norepinephrine 
B) epinephrine 
C) prostaglandin 
D) thyroxine 
E) histamine 
A) norepinephrine 
B) epinephrine 
C) prostaglandin 
D) thyroxine 
E) histamine

Question 17

Killer lymphocytes can elicit self- destruct mechanisms in target cells by interacting with

Accepted Answer

A) adaptor proteins. 
B) Fas receptors. 
C) Fas ligand. 
D) procaspase. 
E) Ras ligand. 
A) adaptor proteins. 
B) Fas receptors. 
C) Fas ligand. 
D) procaspase. 
E) Ras ligand.

Question 18

A developing organism's failure to produce muscle tissue is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A) underdevelopment of the endoderm. 
B) missing chromosomes. 
C) adenylate cyclase mutations. 
D) fibroblast growth factor receptor mutations. 
E) underdevelopment of the ectoderm. 
A) underdevelopment of the endoderm. 
B) missing chromosomes. 
C) adenylate cyclase mutations. 
D) fibroblast growth factor receptor mutations. 
E) underdevelopment of the ectoderm.

Question 19

If one homogenizes liver cells, separates the membranes from the cytoplasm, and then adds epinephrine to only the cytoplasmic portion,

Accepted Answer

A) cAMP will be produced. 
B) adenylyl cyclase will be activated. 
C) G- proteins will be activated. 
D) calcium ions will be released. 
E) none of the above 
A) cAMP will be produced. 
B) adenylyl cyclase will be activated. 
C) G- proteins will be activated. 
D) calcium ions will be released. 
E) none of the above

Exam 14: Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ii Messengers and Receptors

The key mediators of apoptosis are the .

Prostaglandins are NOT

A type of programmed cell death associated with DNA fragmentation and caspases is known as .

Kinases are enzymes that

You are testing a drug that might be marketed as an anti- inflammatory agent. It would be a good choice if it possessed which of the following responses?

Phosphatases are enzymes that

Which of the following pairings is NOT correct?

In animal eggs, once fertilization occurs, are the second messengers that trigger egg activation.

With regard to hormones, responses occurring over the shortest distance would be classified as

Design experiments that would allow you to independently detect each of the following: G- protein mediated signal transduction, nitric oxide signal transduction, and calcium ion fluxes.

You have recently identified a molecule that you believe to be a ligand associated with a signal transduction mechanism. All you know about this ligand is that chemically it is hydrophilic. As a result, you expect it to interact with its receptor

Which of the following statements concerning the properties of ligands for intracellular receptor systems is correct?

IP3 receptors are associated with

All of the following are second messengers, EXCEPT

Which hormone is not an amino acid derivative?

Killer lymphocytes can elicit self- destruct mechanisms in target cells by interacting with

A developing organism's failure to produce muscle tissue is most likely due to

If one homogenizes liver cells, separates the membranes from the cytoplasm, and then adds epinephrine to only the cytoplasmic portion,

A Preview of the Cell

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System and Peroxisomes

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: I Electrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesion, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: DNA, Chromosomes, and the Nucleus

The Cell Cycle, Dna Replication, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

Gene Expression: I the Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: II Protein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Cancer Cells

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