Question 1

Ethological theorists draw a parallel between imprinting in other animals and_____ in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) the extended period of immaturity 
B) play preferences of males and females 
C) innate visual preferences for an oval shape with more components in the top half 
D) the critical period for attachment 
A) the extended period of immaturity 
B) play preferences of males and females 
C) innate visual preferences for an oval shape with more components in the top half 
D) the critical period for attachment

Question 2

Of the following, which is NOT associated with growing up in an affluent family?

Accepted Answer

A) substance abuse 
B) anxiety 
C) feelings of maternal closeness 
D) depression 
A) substance abuse 
B) anxiety 
C) feelings of maternal closeness 
D) depression

Question 3

The goal of the ego is to:

Accepted Answer

A) link the individual to the external world. 
B) maximize the individual's pleasure. 
C) control the individual's behavior on the basis of moral beliefs. 
D) seek security for the individual. 
A) link the individual to the external world. 
B) maximize the individual's pleasure. 
C) control the individual's behavior on the basis of moral beliefs. 
D) seek security for the individual.

Question 4

According to Freud, girls' experience of the Electra complex results in:

Accepted Answer

A) the development of the superego. 
B) identification with the father. 
C) infantile amnesia. 
D) the development of a weaker conscience in girls than in boys. 
A) the development of the superego. 
B) identification with the father. 
C) infantile amnesia. 
D) the development of a weaker conscience in girls than in boys.

Question 5

Social learning theory emphasizes the importance of ____as a mechanism of development.

Accepted Answer

A) imitation 
B) punishment 
C) contexts 
D) desensitization 
A) imitation 
B) punishment 
C) contexts 
D) desensitization

Question 6

Describe the principle of intermittent reinforcement.
Why does it make the behavior so difficult to extinguish?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the principle of intermittent reinforcement.
Why does...

Question 7

The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. Which of the following is an example of intermittent reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) His parents always give Joshua what he wants whether or not he screams. 
B) His parents always give Joshua what he wants only when he screams. 
C) Sometimes his parents give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes they refuse to give him what he wants when he screams. 
D) His parents never give Joshua what he wants when he screams. 
A) His parents always give Joshua what he wants whether or not he screams. 
B) His parents always give Joshua what he wants only when he screams. 
C) Sometimes his parents give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes they refuse to give him what he wants when he screams. 
D) His parents never give Joshua what he wants when he screams.

Question 8

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with growing up in an affluent family?

Accepted Answer

A) substance abuse 
B) anxiety 
C) feelings of maternal closeness 
D) depression 
A) substance abuse 
B) anxiety 
C) feelings of maternal closeness 
D) depression

Question 9

Danny is an adult who behaves selfishly and impulsively. He appears to seek immediate gratification and ignore any potential negative consequences. Freud would say that Danny is ruled by his:

Accepted Answer

A) conscience. 
B) superego. 
C) erogenous zones. 
D) id. 
•psychic energy. 
A) conscience. 
B) superego. 
C) erogenous zones. 
D) id. 
•psychic energy.

Question 10

Bandura's "Bobo" doll study did not demonstrate
that:

Accepted Answer

A) children can learn through imitation. 
B) children's behavior may not always reflect what they have learned. 
C) seeing others rewarded and punished can influence a child's behavior. 
D) reinforcement is necessary for learning. 
A) children can learn through imitation. 
B) children's behavior may not always reflect what they have learned. 
C) seeing others rewarded and punished can influence a child's behavior. 
D) reinforcement is necessary for learning.

Question 11

Which has been shown to be of least concern regarding children's media exposure?

Accepted Answer

A) exposure to violence 
B) physical inactivity 
C) social isolation 
D) exposure to pornography 
A) exposure to violence 
B) physical inactivity 
C) social isolation 
D) exposure to pornography

Question 12

According to Freud, children begin to identify with their same-sex parent in the_____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) genital 
B) phallic 
C) latency 
D) anal 
A) genital 
B) phallic 
C) latency 
D) anal

Question 13

Ecological theories of development stress the importance of:

Accepted Answer

A) self-socialization. 
B) reinforcement and imitation. 
C) the stages children progress through as they develop. 
D) children as a part of larger contexts. 
A) self-socialization. 
B) reinforcement and imitation. 
C) the stages children progress through as they develop. 
D) children as a part of larger contexts.

Question 14

Freud's stages are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) the context that is important during that time period. 
B) a specific crisis that must be resolved. 
C) the erogenous zones in which the psychic energy is focused. 
D) a particular manner of responding to reward and reinforcement. 
A) the context that is important during that time period. 
B) a specific crisis that must be resolved. 
C) the erogenous zones in which the psychic energy is focused. 
D) a particular manner of responding to reward and reinforcement.

Question 15

Concern about the "digital divide" between children from wealthier families and children from poorer families is centered on which of the following issues?

Accepted Answer

A) children from different backgrounds having progressively less opportunity to interact as computer use becomes more common 
B) difference in the access to and knowledge of computers among children from different economic backgrounds 
C) decreased computer use by poorer children compared with wealthier children 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) children from different backgrounds having progressively less opportunity to interact as computer use becomes more common 
B) difference in the access to and knowledge of computers among children from different economic backgrounds 
C) decreased computer use by poorer children compared with wealthier children 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

According to Erikson, children develop a conscience during which stage?

Accepted Answer

A) initiative vs. guilt 
B) autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
C) basic trust vs. mistrust 
D) identity vs. role confusion 
A) initiative vs. guilt 
B) autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
C) basic trust vs. mistrust 
D) identity vs. role confusion

Question 17

Which of the following factors associated with child maltreatment is NOT within the microsystem?

Accepted Answer

A) parental alcohol dependence 
B) community violence 
C) children who are handicapped 
D) abusive spousal relationship 
A) parental alcohol dependence 
B) community violence 
C) children who are handicapped 
D) abusive spousal relationship

Question 18

The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. According to Skinner, which of the following statements would be the best advice to give Joshua's parents if they wish to stop Joshua's screaming?

Accepted Answer

A) Give Joshua what he wants whether or not he screams. 
B) Always give Joshua what he wants when he screams. 
C) Sometimes give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes refuse to give him what he wants when he screams. 
D) Never give Joshua what he wants when he screams. 
A) Give Joshua what he wants whether or not he screams. 
B) Always give Joshua what he wants when he screams. 
C) Sometimes give Joshua what he wants when he screams, and sometimes refuse to give him what he wants when he screams. 
D) Never give Joshua what he wants when he screams.

Question 19

The age of the child is part of the______ of the bioecological model?

Accepted Answer

A) mesosystem 
B) microsystem 
C) chronosystem 
D) macrosystem 
E) exosystem 
A) mesosystem 
B) microsystem 
C) chronosystem 
D) macrosystem 
E) exosystem

Question 20

A person's beliefs about how well he or she can
control his or her behavior, thoughts, and emotions in order to achieve a desired goal is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) reciprocal determinism. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) perceived self-efficacy. 
D) intelligence. 
A) reciprocal determinism. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) perceived self-efficacy. 
D) intelligence.

Ethological theorists draw a parallel between imprinting in other animals and_____ in humans.

Of the following, which is NOT associated with growing up in an affluent family?

The goal of the ego is to:

According to Freud, girls' experience of the Electra complex results in:

Social learning theory emphasizes the importance of ____as a mechanism of development.

Describe the principle of intermittent reinforcement. Why does it make the behavior so difficult to extinguish?

The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. Which of the following is an example of intermittent reinforcement?

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with growing up in an affluent family?

Danny is an adult who behaves selfishly and impulsively. He appears to seek immediate gratification and ignore any potential negative consequences. Freud would say that Danny is ruled by his:

Bandura's "Bobo" doll study did not demonstrate that:

Which has been shown to be of least concern regarding children's media exposure?

According to Freud, children begin to identify with their same-sex parent in the_____ stage.

Ecological theories of development stress the importance of:

Freud's stages are characterized by:

Concern about the "digital divide" between children from wealthier families and children from poorer families is centered on which of the following issues?

According to Erikson, children develop a conscience during which stage?

Which of the following factors associated with child maltreatment is NOT within the microsystem?

The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. According to Skinner, which of the following statements would be the best advice to give Joshua's parents if they wish to stop Joshua's screaming?

The age of the child is part of the______ of the bioecological model?

A person's beliefs about how well he or she can control his or her behavior, thoughts, and emotions in order to achieve a desired goal is referred to as:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 9: Theories of Social Development

Ethological theorists draw a parallel between imprinting in other animals and_____ in humans.

Of the following, which is NOT associated with growing up in an affluent family?

The goal of the ego is to:

According to Freud, girls' experience of the Electra complex results in:

Social learning theory emphasizes the importance of ____as a mechanism of development.

Describe the principle of intermittent reinforcement. Why does it make the behavior so difficult to extinguish?

The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. Which of the following is an example of intermittent reinforcement?

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with growing up in an affluent family?

Danny is an adult who behaves selfishly and impulsively. He appears to seek immediate gratification and ignore any potential negative consequences. Freud would say that Danny is ruled by his:

Bandura's "Bobo" doll study did not demonstrate that:

Which has been shown to be of least concern regarding children's media exposure?

According to Freud, children begin to identify with their same-sex parent in the_____ stage.

Ecological theories of development stress the importance of:

Freud's stages are characterized by:

Concern about the "digital divide" between children from wealthier families and children from poorer families is centered on which of the following issues?

According to Erikson, children develop a conscience during which stage?

Which of the following factors associated with child maltreatment is NOT within the microsystem?

The parents of 2-year-old Joshua are frustrated with his screaming when he wants something. According to Skinner, which of the following statements would be the best advice to give Joshua's parents if they wish to stop Joshua's screaming?

The age of the child is part of the______ of the bioecological model?

A person's beliefs about how well he or she can control his or her behavior, thoughts, and emotions in order to achieve a desired goal is referred to as:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters