Question 1

Do all theories of social cognition view development as continuous?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes; they all view development as continuous. 
B) No; they all view development as discontinuous. 
C) No; some view development as continuous, others view it as discontinuous. 
D) Continuity versus discontinuity is irrelevant to these theories. 
A) Yes; they all view development as continuous. 
B) No; they all view development as discontinuous. 
C) No; some view development as continuous, others view it as discontinuous. 
D) Continuity versus discontinuity is irrelevant to these theories.

Question 2

To Freud, healthy development involves:

Accepted Answer

A) developing a strong identity. 
B) the ability to take other people's perspectives and thus learn from interactions with them. 
C) surrounding oneself with the contexts necessary for an adaptive life. 
D) the ability to derive pleasure from both love and work. 
A) developing a strong identity. 
B) the ability to take other people's perspectives and thus learn from interactions with them. 
C) surrounding oneself with the contexts necessary for an adaptive life. 
D) the ability to derive pleasure from both love and work.

Question 3

According to evolutionary psychologists, all of the following situations are associated with the large size of the human brain (relative to body size) in comparison with other species EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) birth occurring at a more mature stage of development. 
B) increased social complexity. 
C) prolonged period of immaturity and dependence. 
D) high level of neural plasticity. 
A) birth occurring at a more mature stage of development. 
B) increased social complexity. 
C) prolonged period of immaturity and dependence. 
D) high level of neural plasticity.

Question 4

______is part of the exosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) Parents' contact with child's soccer coach 
B) Societal importance placed on athletic prowess of boys 
C) A child's soccer team 
D) A father's job as a truck driver 
A) Parents' contact with child's soccer coach 
B) Societal importance placed on athletic prowess of boys 
C) A child's soccer team 
D) A father's job as a truck driver

Question 5

Which of the following sequences lists the stages of Freud's theory in the correct developmental order?

Accepted Answer

A) anal, phallic, oral, latency, genital 
B) oral, latency, genital, phallic, anal 
C) genital, oral, anal, phallic, latency 
D) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital 
A) anal, phallic, oral, latency, genital 
B) oral, latency, genital, phallic, anal 
C) genital, oral, anal, phallic, latency 
D) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 6

According to Freud, children's identification with the same-sex parent begins when:

Accepted Answer

A) they imprint onto him or her. 
B) their biological urges come into play. 
C) they realize the difference between having and not having a penis. 
D) they internalize their parents' beliefs, values, and attitudes. 
A) they imprint onto him or her. 
B) their biological urges come into play. 
C) they realize the difference between having and not having a penis. 
D) they internalize their parents' beliefs, values, and attitudes.

Question 7

According to _____theory, certain genes predispose individuals to behave in a certain way to increase survival, mating, and reproduction.

Accepted Answer

A) bioecological 
B) social learning 
C) evolutionary psychology 
D) psychosocial 
A) bioecological 
B) social learning 
C) evolutionary psychology 
D) psychosocial

Question 8

It is 4:00 P.M. Janet and Lee are at the boardwalk.
Lee wants to eat some cotton candy and pretzels. Janet does not think this is a good idea. Her mom has worked hard to make a special dinner. Janet can see her own point, Lee's point, and her mother's point. According to Selman's stage theory of role taking, what stage is Janet in?

Accepted Answer

A) Stage 1 
B) Stage 2 
C) Stage 3 
D) Stage 4 
A) Stage 1 
B) Stage 2 
C) Stage 3 
D) Stage 4

Question 9

Which of the following theorists claimed that he could train any child to become any kind of specialist, regardless of the characteristics of the child's ancestors?

Accepted Answer

A) Skinner 
B) Watson 
C) Freud 
D) Bandura 
A) Skinner 
B) Watson 
C) Freud 
D) Bandura

Question 10

Behavior modification is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) way to help children overcome a hostile attributional bias. 
B) approach used to help people conquer their fears. 
C) form of therapy that is useful for changing undesirable behaviors. 
D) treatment to cure autism. 
A) way to help children overcome a hostile attributional bias. 
B) approach used to help people conquer their fears. 
C) form of therapy that is useful for changing undesirable behaviors. 
D) treatment to cure autism.

Question 11

Learning theories propose that development is:

Accepted Answer

A) continuous. 
B) discontinuous. 
C) continuous within three major stages of development. 
D) None of the answers is correct; learning theories do not address the issue of continuity and discontinuity. 
A) continuous. 
B) discontinuous. 
C) continuous within three major stages of development. 
D) None of the answers is correct; learning theories do not address the issue of continuity and discontinuity.

Question 12

Whose theory has the eight stages of development, which include Trust versus Mistrust and Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt?

Accepted Answer

A) Freud 
B) Erikson 
C) Watson 
D) Skinner 
A) Freud 
B) Erikson 
C) Watson 
D) Skinner

Question 13

On which of the following points do Freud and current developmental psychologists disagree?

Accepted Answer

A) existence of infantile amnesia 
B) effect of repression on early memory 
C) importance of close early relationships 
D) idea that much of human behavior stems from unconscious processes 
A) existence of infantile amnesia 
B) effect of repression on early memory 
C) importance of close early relationships 
D) idea that much of human behavior stems from unconscious processes

Question 14

Dawn, who is 3 years old, wants a toy that her friend is holding. Without regard for her friend's feelings or her parents' rules about taking other children's toys, Dawn uses all her strength to pull the toy from her friend's hands. Freud would assert that Dawn is primarily being led by the:

Accepted Answer

A) Superego. 
B) Id. 
C) Ego. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) Superego. 
B) Id. 
C) Ego. 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is an example of reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

A) A child becomes fearful of snakes after being bitten by one. 
B) A child who tends to treat others with kindness influences her peers' behavior, which in turn influences the child. 
C) A child with poor academic self-efficacy is more likely than other children to withdraw from school work. 
D) A child continues to throw temper tantrums because he gets what he wants as a result. 
A) A child becomes fearful of snakes after being bitten by one. 
B) A child who tends to treat others with kindness influences her peers' behavior, which in turn influences the child. 
C) A child with poor academic self-efficacy is more likely than other children to withdraw from school work. 
D) A child continues to throw temper tantrums because he gets what he wants as a result.

Question 16

According to Skinner, everything we do in life is an operant response influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A) the immediate sociocultural context. 
B) the outcomes of past behavior. 
C) the behavior of peers. 
D) behavior modification. 
A) the immediate sociocultural context. 
B) the outcomes of past behavior. 
C) the behavior of peers. 
D) behavior modification.

Question 17

The program implemented by Bugental in an experimental effort to prevent child maltreatment focused particularly on the:

Accepted Answer

A) mesosystem. 
B) microsystem. 
C) exosystem. 
D) chronosystem. 
A) mesosystem. 
B) microsystem. 
C) exosystem. 
D) chronosystem.

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is common among parents who maltreat their children?

Accepted Answer

A) poor impulse control 
B) low self-esteem 
C) strong negative reactions to stress 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) poor impulse control 
B) low self-esteem 
C) strong negative reactions to stress 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

_______is part of the chronosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) The societal belief that men should be breadwinners 
B) A father's job loss 
C) Parents' divorce 
D) The societal shift in employment status of women over the past decade 
E) A mother's practice of taking her daughter to work on Take Your Daughter to Work Day 
A) The societal belief that men should be breadwinners 
B) A father's job loss 
C) Parents' divorce 
D) The societal shift in employment status of women over the past decade 
E) A mother's practice of taking her daughter to work on Take Your Daughter to Work Day

Question 20

Freud's contributions to developmental psychology do not include an emphasis on the importance of:

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious processes. 
B) close relationships. 
C) early experience. 
D) objective experience. 
A) unconscious processes. 
B) close relationships. 
C) early experience. 
D) objective experience.

Do all theories of social cognition view development as continuous?

To Freud, healthy development involves:

According to evolutionary psychologists, all of the following situations are associated with the large size of the human brain (relative to body size) in comparison with other species EXCEPT:

______is part of the exosystem.

Which of the following sequences lists the stages of Freud's theory in the correct developmental order?

According to Freud, children's identification with the same-sex parent begins when:

According to _____theory, certain genes predispose individuals to behave in a certain way to increase survival, mating, and reproduction.

Which of the following theorists claimed that he could train any child to become any kind of specialist, regardless of the characteristics of the child's ancestors?

Behavior modification is a(n):

Learning theories propose that development is:

Whose theory has the eight stages of development, which include Trust versus Mistrust and Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt?

On which of the following points do Freud and current developmental psychologists disagree?

Dawn, who is 3 years old, wants a toy that her friend is holding. Without regard for her friend's feelings or her parents' rules about taking other children's toys, Dawn uses all her strength to pull the toy from her friend's hands. Freud would assert that Dawn is primarily being led by the:

Which of the following statements is an example of reciprocal determinism?

According to Skinner, everything we do in life is an operant response influenced by:

The program implemented by Bugental in an experimental effort to prevent child maltreatment focused particularly on the:

Which of the following characteristics is common among parents who maltreat their children?

_______is part of the chronosystem.

Freud's contributions to developmental psychology do not include an emphasis on the importance of:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 9: Theories of Social Development

Do all theories of social cognition view development as continuous?

To Freud, healthy development involves:

According to evolutionary psychologists, all of the following situations are associated with the large size of the human brain (relative to body size) in comparison with other species EXCEPT:

______is part of the exosystem.

Which of the following sequences lists the stages of Freud's theory in the correct developmental order?

According to Freud, children's identification with the same-sex parent begins when:

According to _____theory, certain genes predispose individuals to behave in a certain way to increase survival, mating, and reproduction.

Which of the following theorists claimed that he could train any child to become any kind of specialist, regardless of the characteristics of the child's ancestors?

Behavior modification is a(n):

Learning theories propose that development is:

Whose theory has the eight stages of development, which include Trust versus Mistrust and Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt?

On which of the following points do Freud and current developmental psychologists disagree?

Dawn, who is 3 years old, wants a toy that her friend is holding. Without regard for her friend's feelings or her parents' rules about taking other children's toys, Dawn uses all her strength to pull the toy from her friend's hands. Freud would assert that Dawn is primarily being led by the:

Which of the following statements is an example of reciprocal determinism?

According to Skinner, everything we do in life is an operant response influenced by:

The program implemented by Bugental in an experimental effort to prevent child maltreatment focused particularly on the:

Which of the following characteristics is common among parents who maltreat their children?

_______is part of the chronosystem.

Freud's contributions to developmental psychology do not include an emphasis on the importance of:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters