Question 1

Which of the following statement is true about sexual identity or orientation?

Accepted Answer

A) Identical twins are more similar in sexual identity than are fraternal twins. 
B) Sexual identity is thought by current psychological researchers to be a choice. 
C) Individuals become attracted to the sex that they feel is most similar to them. 
D) Sexual orientation is considered to be entirely determined by genetic factors. 
A) Identical twins are more similar in sexual identity than are fraternal twins. 
B) Sexual identity is thought by current psychological researchers to be a choice. 
C) Individuals become attracted to the sex that they feel is most similar to them. 
D) Sexual orientation is considered to be entirely determined by genetic factors.

Question 2

Adolescent Stan is choosing to believe, think, and do everything in opposition to what his parents and grandparents believe. Lately, he is doing everything differently than his older brother Dan, whom he has wanted to be like for years. Stan is displaying:

Accepted Answer

A) identity confusion. 
B) negative identity. 
C) identity foreclosure. 
D) psychosocial moratorium. 
A) identity confusion. 
B) negative identity. 
C) identity foreclosure. 
D) psychosocial moratorium.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of ethnic- minority youth and their ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

A) The final status of ethnic identity is ethnic-identity achievement. 
B) Higher levels of ethnic identity are generally associated with behavioral problems. 
C) The development of a bicultural identity can provide some benefits. 
D) Lessening of commitment to the ethnic group is considered part of ethnic-identity achievement. 
A) The final status of ethnic identity is ethnic-identity achievement. 
B) Higher levels of ethnic identity are generally associated with behavioral problems. 
C) The development of a bicultural identity can provide some benefits. 
D) Lessening of commitment to the ethnic group is considered part of ethnic-identity achievement.

Question 4

Deborah, an adolescent, is preoccupied with how she appears to other people. She feels like everyone notices her and her every behavior. This feeling is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) a belief in an imaginary audience. 
B) a personal fable. 
C) egotistic. 
D) a belief in the all-important self. 
E) egocentric. 
A) a belief in an imaginary audience. 
B) a personal fable. 
C) egotistic. 
D) a belief in the all-important self. 
E) egocentric.

Question 5

One's overall evaluation of oneself is referred to as one's:

Accepted Answer

A) sexual orientation. 
B) identity. 
C) sense of self. 
D) self-esteem. 
A) sexual orientation. 
B) identity. 
C) sense of self. 
D) self-esteem.

Question 6

An individual's sense of belonging to an ethnic or racial group and the degree to which the individual associates his or her thinking, perceptions, feelings, and behavior with membership in that group is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) ethnic identity. 
B) sexual orientation. 
C) racial belonging. 
D) identity foreclosure. 
A) ethnic identity. 
B) sexual orientation. 
C) racial belonging. 
D) identity foreclosure.

Question 7

Which of the following children is MOST likely to have high self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A) Adrianna, a girl who is athletically skilled but unattractive 
B) Bart, a boy who lives in poverty and is poorly accepted by his peers 
C) Chloe, a girl who has just made a transition from elementary school to high school 
D) David, a boy who is physically attractive but whose parents are unresponsive 
E) Emily, a girl who is physically attractive but is poor at athletics 
A) Adrianna, a girl who is athletically skilled but unattractive 
B) Bart, a boy who lives in poverty and is poorly accepted by his peers 
C) Chloe, a girl who has just made a transition from elementary school to high school 
D) David, a boy who is physically attractive but whose parents are unresponsive 
E) Emily, a girl who is physically attractive but is poor at athletics

Question 8

Ainsworth's Strange Situation test involves:

Accepted Answer

A) isolation of the child from the parent. 
B) intensive interactions of long duration between a child and a caregiver. 
C) the immersion of a child in an unfamiliar setting, with limited parental guidance. 
D) a series of separations and reunions involving a child and a parent. 
A) isolation of the child from the parent. 
B) intensive interactions of long duration between a child and a caregiver. 
C) the immersion of a child in an unfamiliar setting, with limited parental guidance. 
D) a series of separations and reunions involving a child and a parent.

Question 9

Manuel, a first-grader, says, "I'm Mexican because my parents came from Mexico." Manuel is displaying the ethnic-identity component of:

Accepted Answer

A) ethnic constancy. 
B) ethnic feelings and preferences. 
C) ethnic knowledge. 
D) ethnic self-identification. 
A) ethnic constancy. 
B) ethnic feelings and preferences. 
C) ethnic knowledge. 
D) ethnic self-identification.

Question 10

Who disagreed with Freud's concept of a "needy, dependent infant motivated by drive reduction" and promoted a "competent, motivated infant" who uses his/her primary caregiver as a secure base?

Accepted Answer

A) Bowlby 
B) Ainsworth 
C) Erikson 
D) Watson 
A) Bowlby 
B) Ainsworth 
C) Erikson 
D) Watson

Question 11

Which of the following statements is the MOST likely reason for the slight tendency for African Americans to have higher self-esteem than Euro-Americans?

Accepted Answer

A) African Americans tend to have a stronger ethnic identity than Euro-Americans. 
B) African Americans are less likely to be gay or lesbian. 
C) African Americans are more likely to live in impoverished neighborhoods. 
D) All of the reasons listed are equally likely. 
A) African Americans tend to have a stronger ethnic identity than Euro-Americans. 
B) African Americans are less likely to be gay or lesbian. 
C) African Americans are more likely to live in impoverished neighborhoods. 
D) All of the reasons listed are equally likely.

Question 12

Insecure/resistant infants are also referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) avoidant. 
B) ambivalent. 
C) disorganized. 
D) secure. 
A) avoidant. 
B) ambivalent. 
C) disorganized. 
D) secure.

Question 13

Infants who approach their mothers and also regard them as a source of fear are considered to have which type of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A) disorganized/disoriented 
B) insecure/resistant 
C) secure 
D) insecure/avoidant 
A) disorganized/disoriented 
B) insecure/resistant 
C) secure 
D) insecure/avoidant

Question 14

Describe three characteristics of a child's sense of self, three characteristics of a young adolescent's sense of self, and three characteristics of a late adolescent's sense of self. What cognitive factors are at the foundation of these differences?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three characteristics of a child's sense...

Question 15

Which of the following behaviors might be exhibited during the Strange Situation by an infant who is classified as disorganized/disoriented?

Accepted Answer

A) displays fearful smiles while approaching mother 
B) demonstrates severe distress when mother leaves room 
C) clings to mother rather than playing with toys 
D) displays angry distress while playing 
E) All of these behaviors may be exhibited during the Strange Situation. 
A) displays fearful smiles while approaching mother 
B) demonstrates severe distress when mother leaves room 
C) clings to mother rather than playing with toys 
D) displays angry distress while playing 
E) All of these behaviors may be exhibited during the Strange Situation.

Question 16

Which of the following actions is an indication that an infant has a sense of self?

Accepted Answer

A) making independent movements 
B) crying 
C) separation distress 
D) talking 
A) making independent movements 
B) crying 
C) separation distress 
D) talking

Question 17

In late childhood, children tend to rely particularly on which of the following factors to evaluate themselves?

Accepted Answer

A) peer evaluations 
B) parental evaluations 
C) teacher standards 
D) internalized standards 
A) peer evaluations 
B) parental evaluations 
C) teacher standards 
D) internalized standards

Question 18

In the Strange Situation, baby Jacob plays actively with the toys in the room, occasionally looking back to check on his mother, and is mildly distressed when his mother leaves the room, but he is easily comforted by her return. Jacob falls into which attachment category?

Accepted Answer

A) disorganized/disoriented 
B) insecure/resistant 
C) secure 
D) dismissive 
E) insecure/avoidant 
A) disorganized/disoriented 
B) insecure/resistant 
C) secure 
D) dismissive 
E) insecure/avoidant

Question 19

In comparison with U.S. infants, Japanese infants appear to be likely to be _____securely attached,_____likely to be insecure/resistant, and____ likely to be insecure/avoidant.

Accepted Answer

A) as; less; more 
B) as; more; less 
C) less; more; more 
D) more; less; less 
A) as; less; more 
B) as; more; less 
C) less; more; more 
D) more; less; less

Question 20

Compared to infants who are home every day with the same caregiver, those in day care:

Accepted Answer

A) are more likely to be classified as disorganized/disoriented. 
B) are less likely to be classified as insecure/resistant. 
C) react less negatively when separated from caregiver. 
D) behave almost identically in the Strange Situation. 
A) are more likely to be classified as disorganized/disoriented. 
B) are less likely to be classified as insecure/resistant. 
C) react less negatively when separated from caregiver. 
D) behave almost identically in the Strange Situation.

Which of the following statement is true about sexual identity or orientation?

Adolescent Stan is choosing to believe, think, and do everything in opposition to what his parents and grandparents believe. Lately, he is doing everything differently than his older brother Dan, whom he has wanted to be like for years. Stan is displaying:

Which of the following statements is true of ethnic- minority youth and their ethnic identity?

Deborah, an adolescent, is preoccupied with how she appears to other people. She feels like everyone notices her and her every behavior. This feeling is referred to as:

One's overall evaluation of oneself is referred to as one's:

An individual's sense of belonging to an ethnic or racial group and the degree to which the individual associates his or her thinking, perceptions, feelings, and behavior with membership in that group is referred to as:

Which of the following children is MOST likely to have high self-esteem?

Ainsworth's Strange Situation test involves:

Manuel, a first-grader, says, "I'm Mexican because my parents came from Mexico." Manuel is displaying the ethnic-identity component of:

Who disagreed with Freud's concept of a "needy, dependent infant motivated by drive reduction" and promoted a "competent, motivated infant" who uses his/her primary caregiver as a secure base?

Which of the following statements is the MOST likely reason for the slight tendency for African Americans to have higher self-esteem than Euro-Americans?

Insecure/resistant infants are also referred to as:

Infants who approach their mothers and also regard them as a source of fear are considered to have which type of attachment?

Describe three characteristics of a child's sense of self, three characteristics of a young adolescent's sense of self, and three characteristics of a late adolescent's sense of self. What cognitive factors are at the foundation of these differences?

Which of the following behaviors might be exhibited during the Strange Situation by an infant who is classified as disorganized/disoriented?

Which of the following actions is an indication that an infant has a sense of self?

In late childhood, children tend to rely particularly on which of the following factors to evaluate themselves?

In the Strange Situation, baby Jacob plays actively with the toys in the room, occasionally looking back to check on his mother, and is mildly distressed when his mother leaves the room, but he is easily comforted by her return. Jacob falls into which attachment category?

In comparison with U.S. infants, Japanese infants appear to be likely to be ___securely attached,_likely to be insecure/resistant, and__ likely to be insecure/avoidant.

Compared to infants who are home every day with the same caregiver, those in day care:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 11: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Which of the following statement is true about sexual identity or orientation?

Adolescent Stan is choosing to believe, think, and do everything in opposition to what his parents and grandparents believe. Lately, he is doing everything differently than his older brother Dan, whom he has wanted to be like for years. Stan is displaying:

Which of the following statements is true of ethnic- minority youth and their ethnic identity?

Deborah, an adolescent, is preoccupied with how she appears to other people. She feels like everyone notices her and her every behavior. This feeling is referred to as:

One's overall evaluation of oneself is referred to as one's:

An individual's sense of belonging to an ethnic or racial group and the degree to which the individual associates his or her thinking, perceptions, feelings, and behavior with membership in that group is referred to as:

Which of the following children is MOST likely to have high self-esteem?

Ainsworth's Strange Situation test involves:

Manuel, a first-grader, says, "I'm Mexican because my parents came from Mexico." Manuel is displaying the ethnic-identity component of:

Who disagreed with Freud's concept of a "needy, dependent infant motivated by drive reduction" and promoted a "competent, motivated infant" who uses his/her primary caregiver as a secure base?

Which of the following statements is the MOST likely reason for the slight tendency for African Americans to have higher self-esteem than Euro-Americans?

Insecure/resistant infants are also referred to as:

Infants who approach their mothers and also regard them as a source of fear are considered to have which type of attachment?

Describe three characteristics of a child's sense of self, three characteristics of a young adolescent's sense of self, and three characteristics of a late adolescent's sense of self. What cognitive factors are at the foundation of these differences?

Which of the following behaviors might be exhibited during the Strange Situation by an infant who is classified as disorganized/disoriented?

Which of the following actions is an indication that an infant has a sense of self?

In late childhood, children tend to rely particularly on which of the following factors to evaluate themselves?

In the Strange Situation, baby Jacob plays actively with the toys in the room, occasionally looking back to check on his mother, and is mildly distressed when his mother leaves the room, but he is easily comforted by her return. Jacob falls into which attachment category?

In comparison with U.S. infants, Japanese infants appear to be likely to be _____securely attached,_____likely to be insecure/resistant, and____ likely to be insecure/avoidant.

Compared to infants who are home every day with the same caregiver, those in day care:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

In comparison with U.S. infants, Japanese infants appear to be likely to be ___securely attached,_likely to be insecure/resistant, and__ likely to be insecure/avoidant.