Question 1

Identity diffusion refers to individuals who:

Accepted Answer

A) have achieved a coherent and consolidated identity. 
B) are not making progress toward making commitments. 
C) have established an identity based on the choices of their parents. 
D) are exploring various choices, but have not yet made commitments to them. 
A) have achieved a coherent and consolidated identity. 
B) are not making progress toward making commitments. 
C) have established an identity based on the choices of their parents. 
D) are exploring various choices, but have not yet made commitments to them.

Question 2

Which of the following assertions best describes Bowlby's view of the attachment process and the quality of infants' attachments?

Accepted Answer

A) Both the attachment process and the quality of attachments are innate. 
B) Both the attachment process and the quality of attachments are dependent on the nature of infants' experiences with caregivers. 
C) The attachment process is dependent on the nature of infants' experiences with caregivers, but the quality of their attachments is innate. 
D) The attachment process has an innate basis, but the quality of infants' attachments is dependent on the nature of their experiences with caregivers. 
A) Both the attachment process and the quality of attachments are innate. 
B) Both the attachment process and the quality of attachments are dependent on the nature of infants' experiences with caregivers. 
C) The attachment process is dependent on the nature of infants' experiences with caregivers, but the quality of their attachments is innate. 
D) The attachment process has an innate basis, but the quality of infants' attachments is dependent on the nature of their experiences with caregivers.

Question 3

When do children begin to engage in social comparison?

Accepted Answer

A) preschool 
B) elementary school 
C) early adolescence 
D) late adolescence 
A) preschool 
B) elementary school 
C) early adolescence 
D) late adolescence

Question 4

Which of the following assertions has been clearly supported by research on self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A) Low self-esteem causes aggression in adolescence. 
B) Low self-esteem causes substance abuse in adolescence. 
C) Low self-esteem causes mental health problems in adulthood. 
D) All of these answers are true. 
E) None of these answers is true. 
A) Low self-esteem causes aggression in adolescence. 
B) Low self-esteem causes substance abuse in adolescence. 
C) Low self-esteem causes mental health problems in adulthood. 
D) All of these answers are true. 
E) None of these answers is true.

Question 5

Individuals who have which identity status are apathetic and most at risk for drug abuse?

Accepted Answer

A) identity diffusion 
B) moratorium 
C) foreclosure 
D) identity achievement 
A) identity diffusion 
B) moratorium 
C) foreclosure 
D) identity achievement

Question 6

Ethnic-identity search/moratorium involves:

Accepted Answer

A) solidifying one's career choice. 
B) having a commitment to one's ethnic group. 
C) internalizing the majority's views of the ethnic group. 
D) considering the effects ethnicity may have on one's future. 
A) solidifying one's career choice. 
B) having a commitment to one's ethnic group. 
C) internalizing the majority's views of the ethnic group. 
D) considering the effects ethnicity may have on one's future.

Question 7

The study of parent-child attachment was prompted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) interviews with parents of children with Down syndrome 
B) observations of children growing up in orphanages in the 1940s 
C) studies of aggression in monkeys 
D) analysis of children who were physically abused by their parents 
A) interviews with parents of children with Down syndrome 
B) observations of children growing up in orphanages in the 1940s 
C) studies of aggression in monkeys 
D) analysis of children who were physically abused by their parents

Question 8

Which of the following aspects is NOT a necessary component of children's ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

A) ethnic self-identification 
B) ethnic feelings and preferences 
C) ethnic knowledge 
D) ethnic pride 
E) ethnic constancy 
A) ethnic self-identification 
B) ethnic feelings and preferences 
C) ethnic knowledge 
D) ethnic pride 
E) ethnic constancy

Question 9

As adolescents move into late adolescence, their sense of self is more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) place an emphasis on others' perceptions of them. 
B) involve confusion about contradictions in the self. 
C) reflect internalized values. 
D) do all of the things listed. 
A) place an emphasis on others' perceptions of them. 
B) involve confusion about contradictions in the self. 
C) reflect internalized values. 
D) do all of the things listed.

Question 10

Attachment theorists believe that which of the following actions is the most important contributor to the development of a secure attachment?

Accepted Answer

A) parental sensitivity 
B) physical contact between parent and child 
C) provision of a large play space and various toys 
D) temperament 
E) continuous, uninterrupted attention by the parent 
A) parental sensitivity 
B) physical contact between parent and child 
C) provision of a large play space and various toys 
D) temperament 
E) continuous, uninterrupted attention by the parent

Question 11

Which of the following traits is NOT an indication that a child has a sense of self?

Accepted Answer

A) separation distress 
B) experiencing embarrassment 
C) recognizing self in the mirror 
D) attempts to set own goals in opposition to parents' goals 
E) imitating others' facial expressions 
A) separation distress 
B) experiencing embarrassment 
C) recognizing self in the mirror 
D) attempts to set own goals in opposition to parents' goals 
E) imitating others' facial expressions

Question 12

Erikson believed that which of the following states is a beneficial identity state?

Accepted Answer

A) identity confusion 
B) foreclosed identity 
C) moratorium 
D) Erikson would have considered all of these as beneficial identity states. 
A) identity confusion 
B) foreclosed identity 
C) moratorium 
D) Erikson would have considered all of these as beneficial identity states.

Question 13

Stephanie, age 1, and her mother, Nikki, are participating in Ainsworth's Strange Situation. The experimenter escorts them to a room and leaves them alone together. During this time, the_____ is measured. When Nikki leaves Stephanie all alone in the room, is_______ measured.

Accepted Answer

A) secure base; separation distress 
B) secure base; stranger anxiety 
C) separation distress; reunion reaction 
D) separation distress; stranger comfort 
A) secure base; separation distress 
B) secure base; stranger anxiety 
C) separation distress; reunion reaction 
D) separation distress; stranger comfort

Question 14

Ava is an adolescent who is particularly likely to rely on her parents to make important life decisions for her, and she feels very strongly that it is important to obey authority. Ava is MOST likely to have which identity status?

Accepted Answer

A) identity diffusion 
B) moratorium 
C) foreclosure 
D) identity achievement 
A) identity diffusion 
B) moratorium 
C) foreclosure 
D) identity achievement

Question 15

Which of the following concepts is typical of a 3-year- old child's sense of self?

Accepted Answer

A) involves comparisons of themselves with others 
B) includes global views of themselves that are not directly tied to specific behaviors 
C) is focused on observable features 
D) involves others' evaluations of them 
A) involves comparisons of themselves with others 
B) includes global views of themselves that are not directly tied to specific behaviors 
C) is focused on observable features 
D) involves others' evaluations of them

Question 16

Adolescents in which of the following groups tend to report the highest self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A) African American 
B) Asian American 
C) Euro-Americans 
D) Latino Americans 
A) African American 
B) Asian American 
C) Euro-Americans 
D) Latino Americans

Question 17

Which of the following groups of individuals is LEAST likely to achieve a coherent identity?

Accepted Answer

A) those who have parents who encourage autonomy 
B) those who use drugs at an early age 
C) those who attend high-quality schools 
D) those whose culture allows them to set their own goals 
A) those who have parents who encourage autonomy 
B) those who use drugs at an early age 
C) those who attend high-quality schools 
D) those whose culture allows them to set their own goals

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about internal working models of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A) They persist throughout childhood, but not into adulthood. 
B) They involve individuals' feelings about being
worthy or unworthy of love. 
C) Only securely attached individuals possess them. 
D) They are entirely due to biology. 
A) They persist throughout childhood, but not into adulthood. 
B) They involve individuals' feelings about being
worthy or unworthy of love. 
C) Only securely attached individuals possess them. 
D) They are entirely due to biology.

Question 19

In Bowlby's attachment theory, the secure base refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the evolutionary roots of how children become attached to caregivers. 
B) a special setting developed for needy, dependent infants. 
C) a comfortable and safe home setting. 
D) the haven of safety a caretaker provides that allows a child to explore the environment. 
A) the evolutionary roots of how children become attached to caregivers. 
B) a special setting developed for needy, dependent infants. 
C) a comfortable and safe home setting. 
D) the haven of safety a caretaker provides that allows a child to explore the environment.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is NOT part of Bowlby's conception of the primary caregiver as a secure base?

Accepted Answer

A) enables child to learn about the world 
B) is a source of entertainment and learning 
C) provides a sense of assurance 
D) serves as a safe place when an infant feels scared 
A) enables child to learn about the world 
B) is a source of entertainment and learning 
C) provides a sense of assurance 
D) serves as a safe place when an infant feels scared

Identity diffusion refers to individuals who:

Which of the following assertions best describes Bowlby's view of the attachment process and the quality of infants' attachments?

When do children begin to engage in social comparison?

Which of the following assertions has been clearly supported by research on self-esteem?

Individuals who have which identity status are apathetic and most at risk for drug abuse?

Ethnic-identity search/moratorium involves:

The study of parent-child attachment was prompted by which of the following?

Which of the following aspects is NOT a necessary component of children's ethnic identity?

As adolescents move into late adolescence, their sense of self is more likely to:

Attachment theorists believe that which of the following actions is the most important contributor to the development of a secure attachment?

Which of the following traits is NOT an indication that a child has a sense of self?

Erikson believed that which of the following states is a beneficial identity state?

Stephanie, age 1, and her mother, Nikki, are participating in Ainsworth's Strange Situation. The experimenter escorts them to a room and leaves them alone together. During this time, the_ is measured. When Nikki leaves Stephanie all alone in the room, is___ measured.

Ava is an adolescent who is particularly likely to rely on her parents to make important life decisions for her, and she feels very strongly that it is important to obey authority. Ava is MOST likely to have which identity status?

Which of the following concepts is typical of a 3-year- old child's sense of self?

Adolescents in which of the following groups tend to report the highest self-esteem?

Which of the following groups of individuals is LEAST likely to achieve a coherent identity?

Which of the following statements is true about internal working models of attachment?

In Bowlby's attachment theory, the secure base refers to:

Which of the following statements is NOT part of Bowlby's conception of the primary caregiver as a secure base?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 11: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Identity diffusion refers to individuals who:

Which of the following assertions best describes Bowlby's view of the attachment process and the quality of infants' attachments?

When do children begin to engage in social comparison?

Which of the following assertions has been clearly supported by research on self-esteem?

Individuals who have which identity status are apathetic and most at risk for drug abuse?

Ethnic-identity search/moratorium involves:

The study of parent-child attachment was prompted by which of the following?

Which of the following aspects is NOT a necessary component of children's ethnic identity?

As adolescents move into late adolescence, their sense of self is more likely to:

Attachment theorists believe that which of the following actions is the most important contributor to the development of a secure attachment?

Which of the following traits is NOT an indication that a child has a sense of self?

Erikson believed that which of the following states is a beneficial identity state?

Stephanie, age 1, and her mother, Nikki, are participating in Ainsworth's Strange Situation. The experimenter escorts them to a room and leaves them alone together. During this time, the_____ is measured. When Nikki leaves Stephanie all alone in the room, is_______ measured.

Ava is an adolescent who is particularly likely to rely on her parents to make important life decisions for her, and she feels very strongly that it is important to obey authority. Ava is MOST likely to have which identity status?

Which of the following concepts is typical of a 3-year- old child's sense of self?

Adolescents in which of the following groups tend to report the highest self-esteem?

Which of the following groups of individuals is LEAST likely to achieve a coherent identity?

Which of the following statements is true about internal working models of attachment?

In Bowlby's attachment theory, the secure base refers to:

Which of the following statements is NOT part of Bowlby's conception of the primary caregiver as a secure base?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Stephanie, age 1, and her mother, Nikki, are participating in Ainsworth's Strange Situation. The experimenter escorts them to a room and leaves them alone together. During this time, the_ is measured. When Nikki leaves Stephanie all alone in the room, is___ measured.