Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning.

Advertisers often try to use higher-order conditioning by

We pick up phones that are ringing, but rarely answer phones that are silent, which illustrates the concept of stimulus control.

If you study to achieve an A and the praise of your teacher, you are studying for __________ reinforcement.

Any high-frequency response can be used to reinforce a low-frequency response, according to __________ principle.

You are a very good skater, but you did not start out that way.Your mother reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months.This process is known as

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the unconditioned stimulus was the

Mac is five years old, and his parents were using spanking as their only means of disciplining Mac.After each spanking, Mac grew increasingly angry and usually took it out on the dog or his two-year-old brother.A counselor suggested other punishment alternatives, such as time-out, as well as encouraging the parents to use praise and rewards more often when Mac was behaving appropriately.According to research, since Mac's parents have changed to less punitive parenting, Mac's level of aggression will most likely

Regarding observational learning, or modeling, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Memory, thinking, problem-solving, and the use of concepts, language, and feedback are all involved in

Children who are working quietly on their homework when the hourly bell rings will be allowed to go to the play area for 10 minutes.Just before the bell is about to ring, the children become so quiet that you could hear "a pin drop" in the classroom.These children's quiet behavior occurs right before the bell because they are on which schedule of reinforcement?

A tangible secondary reinforcer, such as money, gold stars, or poker chips, that can be exchanged for food, lodgings, and other necessities is referred to as a(n)__________ reinforcer.

Which of the following is a system for managing and altering behavior through the immediate reinforcement of selected responses with poker chips or slips of paper that can be exchanged for food and/or special privileges?

Regarding the effects of severe, intense punishment, which of the following statements is TRUE?

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the bell (prior to conditioning)was the

Which of the following decreases the likelihood that the response will occur again by initiating discomfort?

Psychologists define learning as

A formal agreement stating behaviors to be changed and consequences that apply is known as

Although punishment has several drawbacks, it is most effective when

When Jason is scolded by his mother, he actually increases the misbehavior because he finally has her attention.For Jason, the scolding serves as a(n)__________.

"After visiting Chattanooga, Tennessee last summer, I can imagine the layout of the city in my mind." This is an example of