Question 1

Acquiring a fear of thunder by watching your parents react to it in a fearful way illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious classical conditioning. 
B)  instrumental conditioning. 
C)  response chaining. 
D)  vicarious withdrawal. 
A)  vicarious classical conditioning. 
B)  instrumental conditioning. 
C)  response chaining. 
D)  vicarious withdrawal.

Question 2

The onset of an unpleasant event that reduces the frequency of a target behavior is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment. 
B)  negative punishment. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  response cost. 
A)  positive punishment. 
B)  negative punishment. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  response cost.

Question 3

Many phobias can be traced back to a time when the person was frightened, injured, or upset by a particular stimulus, especially in childhood, and would, thus, be based on

Accepted Answer

A)  inherited familial patterns. 
B)  emotional conditioning. 
C)  operant extinction. 
D)  instrumental acquisition. 
A)  inherited familial patterns. 
B)  emotional conditioning. 
C)  operant extinction. 
D)  instrumental acquisition.

Question 4

Learning your way through the various levels of a video game requires that you develop which of the following regarding this video game?

Accepted Answer

A)  a cognitive map 
B)  a behavioral contract 
C)  automatic adaptation 
D)  projective assessment 
A)  a cognitive map 
B)  a behavioral contract 
C)  automatic adaptation 
D)  projective assessment

Question 5

Ginger has been procrastinating on finishing her dissertation.So, she and her fiancé draw up a formal agreement in which she states that she will meet weekly deadlines on the number of pages she will complete and the rewards she will receive, such as eating out at her favorite restaurant, and the consequences she will incur, such as chores she hates to do.Ginger and her fiancé are utilizing which of the following to help Ginger finish her dissertation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Premack principle 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  a behavioral contract 
D)  self-recording 
A)  the Premack principle 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  a behavioral contract 
D)  self-recording

Question 6

If you learn to make a response that will end an unpleasant or aversive situation, then you are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  respondent conditioning. 
A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  respondent conditioning.

Question 7

Events that occur just before a response are called

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent stimuli. 
B)  consequences. 
C)  antecedents. 
D)  prologues. 
A)  respondent stimuli. 
B)  consequences. 
C)  antecedents. 
D)  prologues.

Question 8

To produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment, an experimenter would present the

Accepted Answer

A)  visual stimulus, then the bell, followed by the meat powder. 
B)  olfactory stimulus, then the bell, followed by the meat powder. 
C)  bell, followed by the meat powder. 
D)  bell alone. 
A)  visual stimulus, then the bell, followed by the meat powder. 
B)  olfactory stimulus, then the bell, followed by the meat powder. 
C)  bell, followed by the meat powder. 
D)  bell alone.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a partial schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  continuous interval 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  continuous interval

Question 10

In setting realistic goals for gradual improvement on each successive week during behavioral self-management, it is important to remember the principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  response cost. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  stimulus generalization. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  response cost. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 11

Andy was in an automobile accident.Now he has a persistent unrealistic fear of any type of transportation.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a phobia. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  vicarious operant conditioning. 
D)  vicarious classical conditioning. 
A)  a phobia. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  vicarious operant conditioning. 
D)  vicarious classical conditioning.

Question 12

A high school student earns $3.00 for every ten boxes of candy he sells door-to-door.His energetic selling reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio reinforcement. 
B)  respondent conditioning. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  variable interval conditioning. 
A)  fixed ratio reinforcement. 
B)  respondent conditioning. 
C)  stimulus generalization. 
D)  variable interval conditioning.

Question 13

Stimuli that consistently precede a rewarded response tend to influence when and where the response will occur.This is the principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  the partial reinforcement effect. 
B)  stimulus control. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  the law of effect. 
A)  the partial reinforcement effect. 
B)  stimulus control. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  the law of effect.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the unusual events that occurred in Pavlov's laboratory that led him to the discovery of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dogs salivated after meat powder was placed in their mouths. 
B)  Dogs sometimes salivated before the meat powder was placed in their mouths. 
C)  Salivation existed in dogs as an unlearned reflex. 
D)  Dogs salivated if and only if they were given a reward. 
A)  Dogs salivated after meat powder was placed in their mouths. 
B)  Dogs sometimes salivated before the meat powder was placed in their mouths. 
C)  Salivation existed in dogs as an unlearned reflex. 
D)  Dogs salivated if and only if they were given a reward.

Question 15

Which of the following concepts explains how people who counsel traumatized victims of sexual abuse sometimes become traumatized themselves?

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious, or secondhand conditioning 
B)  instrumental, or operant conditioning. 
C)  response chaining 
D)  higher order acquisition 
A)  vicarious, or secondhand conditioning 
B)  instrumental, or operant conditioning. 
C)  response chaining 
D)  higher order acquisition

Question 16

One of the reasons you had labs in your science courses in high school was to allow you to perform experiments that fostered your understanding of the scientific principles.The use of these science labs to gain insight into the various scientific principles is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning. 
B)  discovery learning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  cognitive mapping. 
A)  latent learning. 
B)  discovery learning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  cognitive mapping.

Question 17

The probability of a response is altered by the effect it has, according to the law of

Accepted Answer

A)  responding. 
B)  association. 
C)  effect. 
D)  diminishing returns. 
A)  responding. 
B)  association. 
C)  effect. 
D)  diminishing returns.

Question 18

If you give a child her favorite licorice candy for doing well in school, and she continues to do well in school, the licorice candy is

Accepted Answer

A)  a reward and a reinforcer. 
B)  a reward, but not a reinforcer. 
C)  a reinforcer, but not a reward. 
D)  neither a reinforcer nor a reward. 
A)  a reward and a reinforcer. 
B)  a reward, but not a reinforcer. 
C)  a reinforcer, but not a reward. 
D)  neither a reinforcer nor a reward.

Question 19

Your dog has learned to run to his food dish whenever he sees you go to the closet in the laundry room where you keep his dry food.Your dog learned this association through

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental learning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  instrumental learning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 20

Regarding learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most human behavior is learned. 
B)  Learning is a relative permanent change in behavior due to experience. 
C)  Learning includes temporary changes as well as changes due to motivation and fatigue. 
D)  There are different types of learning, including associative learning and cognitive learning. 
A)  Most human behavior is learned. 
B)  Learning is a relative permanent change in behavior due to experience. 
C)  Learning includes temporary changes as well as changes due to motivation and fatigue. 
D)  There are different types of learning, including associative learning and cognitive learning.

Acquiring a fear of thunder by watching your parents react to it in a fearful way illustrates

The onset of an unpleasant event that reduces the frequency of a target behavior is referred to as

Many phobias can be traced back to a time when the person was frightened, injured, or upset by a particular stimulus, especially in childhood, and would, thus, be based on

Learning your way through the various levels of a video game requires that you develop which of the following regarding this video game?

If you learn to make a response that will end an unpleasant or aversive situation, then you are exhibiting

Events that occur just before a response are called

To produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment, an experimenter would present the

Which of the following is NOT a partial schedule of reinforcement?

In setting realistic goals for gradual improvement on each successive week during behavioral self-management, it is important to remember the principle of

Andy was in an automobile accident.Now he has a persistent unrealistic fear of any type of transportation.This is an example of

A high school student earns $3.00 for every ten boxes of candy he sells door-to-door.His energetic selling reflects

Stimuli that consistently precede a rewarded response tend to influence when and where the response will occur.This is the principle of

Which of the following best describes the unusual events that occurred in Pavlov's laboratory that led him to the discovery of classical conditioning?

Which of the following concepts explains how people who counsel traumatized victims of sexual abuse sometimes become traumatized themselves?

One of the reasons you had labs in your science courses in high school was to allow you to perform experiments that fostered your understanding of the scientific principles.The use of these science labs to gain insight into the various scientific principles is an example of

The probability of a response is altered by the effect it has, according to the law of

If you give a child her favorite licorice candy for doing well in school, and she continues to do well in school, the licorice candy is

Your dog has learned to run to his food dish whenever he sees you go to the closet in the laundry room where you keep his dry food.Your dog learned this association through

Regarding learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

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Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning.

Acquiring a fear of thunder by watching your parents react to it in a fearful way illustrates

The onset of an unpleasant event that reduces the frequency of a target behavior is referred to as

Many phobias can be traced back to a time when the person was frightened, injured, or upset by a particular stimulus, especially in childhood, and would, thus, be based on

Learning your way through the various levels of a video game requires that you develop which of the following regarding this video game?

If you learn to make a response that will end an unpleasant or aversive situation, then you are exhibiting

Events that occur just before a response are called

To produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment, an experimenter would present the

Which of the following is NOT a partial schedule of reinforcement?

In setting realistic goals for gradual improvement on each successive week during behavioral self-management, it is important to remember the principle of

Andy was in an automobile accident.Now he has a persistent unrealistic fear of any type of transportation.This is an example of

A high school student earns $3.00 for every ten boxes of candy he sells door-to-door.His energetic selling reflects

Stimuli that consistently precede a rewarded response tend to influence when and where the response will occur.This is the principle of

Which of the following best describes the unusual events that occurred in Pavlov's laboratory that led him to the discovery of classical conditioning?

Which of the following concepts explains how people who counsel traumatized victims of sexual abuse sometimes become traumatized themselves?

One of the reasons you had labs in your science courses in high school was to allow you to perform experiments that fostered your understanding of the scientific principles.The use of these science labs to gain insight into the various scientific principles is an example of

The probability of a response is altered by the effect it has, according to the law of

If you give a child her favorite licorice candy for doing well in school, and she continues to do well in school, the licorice candy is

Your dog has learned to run to his food dish whenever he sees you go to the closet in the laundry room where you keep his dry food.Your dog learned this association through

Regarding learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior.

Human Development

Sensation and Perception.

States of Consciousness.

Memory.

Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Intelligence.

Motivation and Emotion.

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality.

Personality.

Health, Stress, and Coping.

Psychological Disorders.

Therapies.

Social Thinking and Social Influence.

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior.

Applied Psychology.

Filters