Question 1

According to the discussion of infants' memory,

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no evidence of long-term memory until infants are about 6 months of age. 
B)  the major problem in studying infants' memory is that babies cannot accurately see visual stimuli until they are 3-4 months old. 
C)  it is so difficult to measure infants' memory that we do not know much about the memory skills of young infants. 
D)  in the infants' brain, some parts concerned with memory are not fully developed. 
A)  there is no evidence of long-term memory until infants are about 6 months of age. 
B)  the major problem in studying infants' memory is that babies cannot accurately see visual stimuli until they are 3-4 months old. 
C)  it is so difficult to measure infants' memory that we do not know much about the memory skills of young infants. 
D)  in the infants' brain, some parts concerned with memory are not fully developed.

Question 2

Younger infants are actually more skilled than older infants and adults in

Accepted Answer

A)  recognizing their own names. 
B)  perceiving speech-sound contrasts in their native language. 
C)  recognizing similarities in speech sounds. 
D)  distinguishing speech sounds in unfamiliar languages. 
A)  recognizing their own names. 
B)  perceiving speech-sound contrasts in their native language. 
C)  recognizing similarities in speech sounds. 
D)  distinguishing speech sounds in unfamiliar languages.

Question 3

Suppose that Which of the following tasks is likely to reveal the smallest differences between the two groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recall 
B)  Recognition 
C)  Working memory 
D)  Source monitoring 
A)  Recall 
B)  Recognition 
C)  Working memory 
D)  Source monitoring

Question 4

Suppose that a child uses the word baby to refer to toddlers and older children as well as infants. This would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  overregularization. 
B)  overextension. 
C)  incorrect syntax. 
D)  fast mapping. 
A)  overregularization. 
B)  overextension. 
C)  incorrect syntax. 
D)  fast mapping.

Question 5

Suppose that you are reading a story to a group of You say to the children, "Try to think about how it would feel if you were dancing around this classroom." Based on the research of Foley and Ratner (1998), you would probably find that

Accepted Answer

A)  some of the children would later report that they had in fact danced around the classroom. 
B)  because children do not develop visual imagery until they are about 7 or 8, they would typically report, "You told us to think about dancing-but I didn't really dance." 
C)  many children would report that they had actually heard dance music. 
D)  the children would have no recall of the instructions, because they have so much difficulty understanding instructions. 
A)  some of the children would later report that they had in fact danced around the classroom. 
B)  because children do not develop visual imagery until they are about 7 or 8, they would typically report, "You told us to think about dancing-but I didn't really dance." 
C)  many children would report that they had actually heard dance music. 
D)  the children would have no recall of the instructions, because they have so much difficulty understanding instructions.

Question 6

Chapter 13 examined an experiment by Leichtman and Ceci on preschool children's eyewitness testimony. According to this research,

Accepted Answer

A)  children's expectations about a stranger's behavior did not affect their recall. 
B)  children's memory may not be perfect, but they can distinguish between what really happened and a false statement of what had happened. 
C)  children in the control condition were not very accurate in recalling events. 
D)  under certain circumstances, young children are fairly likely to report events inaccurately. 
A)  children's expectations about a stranger's behavior did not affect their recall. 
B)  children's memory may not be perfect, but they can distinguish between what really happened and a false statement of what had happened. 
C)  children in the control condition were not very accurate in recalling events. 
D)  under certain circumstances, young children are fairly likely to report events inaccurately.

Question 7

Your textbook describes several methodological problems that arise when conducting research with elderly individuals. These problems included the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  elderly people tend to be better educated than younger people. 
B)  elderly people are typically less anxious than younger people. 
C)  elderly people typically have more health problems than younger people. 
D)  irrelevant variables are often too carefully controlled. 
A)  elderly people tend to be better educated than younger people. 
B)  elderly people are typically less anxious than younger people. 
C)  elderly people typically have more health problems than younger people. 
D)  irrelevant variables are often too carefully controlled.

Question 8

Psychologists favor the lifespan approach to development because

Accepted Answer

A)  it illustrates that the changes during late adulthood are even more dramatic than the changes during infancy. 
B)  the research techniques are more valid than when other approaches are used. 
C)  it demonstrates that the cognitive changes between infancy and old age are relatively minor. 
D)  it emphasizes that people continue to develop throughout their lifetime. 
A)  it illustrates that the changes during late adulthood are even more dramatic than the changes during infancy. 
B)  the research techniques are more valid than when other approaches are used. 
C)  it demonstrates that the cognitive changes between infancy and old age are relatively minor. 
D)  it emphasizes that people continue to develop throughout their lifetime.

Question 9

An important factor that helps children develop their syntax is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they develop fast mapping at an early age. 
B)  they become skilled at overextensions. 
C)  their working memory increases, allowing them to produce more combinations of words. 
D)  they become less self-centered, so that it becomes easier to convey a request to another person. 
A)  they develop fast mapping at an early age. 
B)  they become skilled at overextensions. 
C)  their working memory increases, allowing them to produce more combinations of words. 
D)  they become less self-centered, so that it becomes easier to convey a request to another person.

Question 10

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to

Accepted Answer

A)  be able to monitor their memory performance accurately. 
B)  select the most difficult items for further study rather than studying items that they have already mastered. 
C)  know which memory strategies are most effective. 
D)  be overconfident on working memory tasks. 
A)  be able to monitor their memory performance accurately. 
B)  select the most difficult items for further study rather than studying items that they have already mastered. 
C)  know which memory strategies are most effective. 
D)  be overconfident on working memory tasks.

Question 11

Suppose that your elderly uncle is coming to visit. You are concerned because you will be discussing some important issues and do not want to overload his working memory. Based on the information in Chapter 13, you would suspect that

Accepted Answer

A)  you probably do not need to worry, because no age-related differences have been reported for working memory. 
B)  you probably do not need to worry, as long as you aren't talking to him while he is doing another complex task at the same time. 
C)  you probably need to worry, because elderly people show deficits in the functioning of the phonological loop. 
D)  you probably need to worry, because young adults and older adults have similar working memory only when speech rate is significantly slower than normal. 
A)  you probably do not need to worry, because no age-related differences have been reported for working memory. 
B)  you probably do not need to worry, as long as you aren't talking to him while he is doing another complex task at the same time. 
C)  you probably need to worry, because elderly people show deficits in the functioning of the phonological loop. 
D)  you probably need to worry, because young adults and older adults have similar working memory only when speech rate is significantly slower than normal.

Question 12

The research on children's eyewitness testimony shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  children's accuracy is not correlated with the complexity of the interviewer's language. 
B)  children's accuracy is not correlated with their age. 
C)  young children are likely to make errors when the interviewer asks questions in an emotional tone. 
D)  young children are likely to respond "I don't know" when they cannot recall the details of an event. 
A)  children's accuracy is not correlated with the complexity of the interviewer's language. 
B)  children's accuracy is not correlated with their age. 
C)  young children are likely to make errors when the interviewer asks questions in an emotional tone. 
D)  young children are likely to respond "I don't know" when they cannot recall the details of an event.

Question 13

The research on the relationship between metamemory and children's memory performance is complicated. However, a general pattern is that

Accepted Answer

A)  children who have a well-developed metamemory tend to use strategies more wisely, but this does not improve their performance. 
B)  metamemory is relatively easy to measure in young children. 
C)  metamemory and memory performance are moderately correlated with each other. 
D)  the correlations between metamemory and memory performance are significant only when we study younger children. 
A)  children who have a well-developed metamemory tend to use strategies more wisely, but this does not improve their performance. 
B)  metamemory is relatively easy to measure in young children. 
C)  metamemory and memory performance are moderately correlated with each other. 
D)  the correlations between metamemory and memory performance are significant only when we study younger children.

Question 14

Memory research is easier to conduct with children than with infants. However, one potential problem when children participate in memory studies is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they have no measurable working memory. 
B)  it is extremely difficult to motivate children to participate in research. 
C)  children's shape perception will not be mature until they are about 8 years old. 
D)  they may fail to understand the task instructions. 
A)  they have no measurable working memory. 
B)  it is extremely difficult to motivate children to participate in research. 
C)  children's shape perception will not be mature until they are about 8 years old. 
D)  they may fail to understand the task instructions.

Question 15

Suppose that you are enrolled in a child development course. In discussing children's memory, the professor says, "Preschool children are likely to demonstrate utilization deficiency." Which of the following options would be the most likely next sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You can teach them memory strategies, but they may not use them appropriately." 
B)  "They can only use organizational strategies; they cannot utilize rehearsal or imagery." 
C)  "Preschoolers lack the brain development to utilize working memory. 
D)  "They realize that memory strategies would increase their recall, but they have difficulty remembering what the strategies are." 
A)  "You can teach them memory strategies, but they may not use them appropriately." 
B)  "They can only use organizational strategies; they cannot utilize rehearsal or imagery." 
C)  "Preschoolers lack the brain development to utilize working memory. 
D)  "They realize that memory strategies would increase their recall, but they have difficulty remembering what the strategies are."

Question 16

Suppose that you are scanning a journal in child development. You see the title of an article about language, which emphasizes the word "morphology." The most likely topic of this article would be how children

Accepted Answer

A)  learn new words. 
B)  create the past tense for verbs. 
C)  combine words into sentences. 
D)  describe how a toy works, when speaking to a younger child. 
A)  learn new words. 
B)  create the past tense for verbs. 
C)  combine words into sentences. 
D)  describe how a toy works, when speaking to a younger child.

Question 17

According to research about the importance of context in infant memory,

Accepted Answer

A)  context does not seem to have an important influence on infants' memory. 
B)  when infants are younger than 6 months, context has no influence on infants' memory; however, context is important for infants who are older than 6 months. 
C)  infants actually show enhanced memory if the researchers test memory in a different context. 
D)  context effects are even stronger for infants than for adults. 
A)  context does not seem to have an important influence on infants' memory. 
B)  when infants are younger than 6 months, context has no influence on infants' memory; however, context is important for infants who are older than 6 months. 
C)  infants actually show enhanced memory if the researchers test memory in a different context. 
D)  context effects are even stronger for infants than for adults.

Question 18

Imagine that you are volunteering in a child-care center, and you are currently taking care of infants who are less than 1 year of age. Which of the following language skills would you expect to be the first one to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infants can recognize the sound of their own name. 
B)  The infants look longer at their mother when hearing the word "Mommy"; they look longer at their father when hearing the word "Daddy." 
C)  The infants have developed some sophisticated concepts, for example, realizing that an unfamiliar animal is likely to drink water. 
D)  The infants appreciate that an angry voice goes with an angry facial expression. 
A)  The infants can recognize the sound of their own name. 
B)  The infants look longer at their mother when hearing the word "Mommy"; they look longer at their father when hearing the word "Daddy." 
C)  The infants have developed some sophisticated concepts, for example, realizing that an unfamiliar animal is likely to drink water. 
D)  The infants appreciate that an angry voice goes with an angry facial expression.

Question 19

The discussion of metacognition in elderly adults suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  adults typically experience a decline in all major metacognitive skills as they grow older. 
B)  young adults are more aware than elderly adults that some memory strategies are more effective than other memory strategies. 
C)  young adults are more accurate than elderly adults in predicting which items they will recall on a memory test. 
D)  young adults and elderly adults are reasonably similar in many metacognitive skills. 
A)  adults typically experience a decline in all major metacognitive skills as they grow older. 
B)  young adults are more aware than elderly adults that some memory strategies are more effective than other memory strategies. 
C)  young adults are more accurate than elderly adults in predicting which items they will recall on a memory test. 
D)  young adults and elderly adults are reasonably similar in many metacognitive skills.

Question 20

According to the research on prospective memory, elderly people

Accepted Answer

A)  consistently make more errors than younger people. 
B)  typically make more errors than younger people. 
C)  make about the same number of errors as younger people. 
D)  make about the same number of errors on real-life tasks, but more errors on tasks that are low in ecological validity. 
A)  consistently make more errors than younger people. 
B)  typically make more errors than younger people. 
C)  make about the same number of errors as younger people. 
D)  make about the same number of errors on real-life tasks, but more errors on tasks that are low in ecological validity.

According to the discussion of infants' memory,

Younger infants are actually more skilled than older infants and adults in

Suppose that Which of the following tasks is likely to reveal the smallest differences between the two groups?

Suppose that a child uses the word baby to refer to toddlers and older children as well as infants. This would be an example of

Suppose that you are reading a story to a group of You say to the children, "Try to think about how it would feel if you were dancing around this classroom." Based on the research of Foley and Ratner (1998), you would probably find that

Chapter 13 examined an experiment by Leichtman and Ceci on preschool children's eyewitness testimony. According to this research,

Your textbook describes several methodological problems that arise when conducting research with elderly individuals. These problems included the fact that

Psychologists favor the lifespan approach to development because

An important factor that helps children develop their syntax is that

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to

Suppose that your elderly uncle is coming to visit. You are concerned because you will be discussing some important issues and do not want to overload his working memory. Based on the information in Chapter 13, you would suspect that

The research on children's eyewitness testimony shows that

The research on the relationship between metamemory and children's memory performance is complicated. However, a general pattern is that

Memory research is easier to conduct with children than with infants. However, one potential problem when children participate in memory studies is that

Suppose that you are enrolled in a child development course. In discussing children's memory, the professor says, "Preschool children are likely to demonstrate utilization deficiency." Which of the following options would be the most likely next sentence?

Suppose that you are scanning a journal in child development. You see the title of an article about language, which emphasizes the word "morphology." The most likely topic of this article would be how children

According to research about the importance of context in infant memory,

Imagine that you are volunteering in a child-care center, and you are currently taking care of infants who are less than 1 year of age. Which of the following language skills would you expect to be the first one to develop?

The discussion of metacognition in elderly adults suggests that

According to the research on prospective memory, elderly people

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 13: Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

According to the discussion of infants' memory,

Younger infants are actually more skilled than older infants and adults in

Suppose that Which of the following tasks is likely to reveal the smallest differences between the two groups?

Suppose that a child uses the word baby to refer to toddlers and older children as well as infants. This would be an example of

Suppose that you are reading a story to a group of You say to the children, "Try to think about how it would feel if you were dancing around this classroom." Based on the research of Foley and Ratner (1998), you would probably find that

Chapter 13 examined an experiment by Leichtman and Ceci on preschool children's eyewitness testimony. According to this research,

Your textbook describes several methodological problems that arise when conducting research with elderly individuals. These problems included the fact that

Psychologists favor the lifespan approach to development because

An important factor that helps children develop their syntax is that

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to

Suppose that your elderly uncle is coming to visit. You are concerned because you will be discussing some important issues and do not want to overload his working memory. Based on the information in Chapter 13, you would suspect that

The research on children's eyewitness testimony shows that

The research on the relationship between metamemory and children's memory performance is complicated. However, a general pattern is that

Memory research is easier to conduct with children than with infants. However, one potential problem when children participate in memory studies is that

Suppose that you are enrolled in a child development course. In discussing children's memory, the professor says, "Preschool children are likely to demonstrate utilization deficiency." Which of the following options would be the most likely next sentence?

Suppose that you are scanning a journal in child development. You see the title of an article about language, which emphasizes the word "morphology." The most likely topic of this article would be how children

According to research about the importance of context in infant memory,

Imagine that you are volunteering in a child-care center, and you are currently taking care of infants who are less than 1 year of age. Which of the following language skills would you expect to be the first one to develop?

The discussion of metacognition in elderly adults suggests that

According to the research on prospective memory, elderly people

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters