Question 1

Eyewitness testimony is most likely accurate accurate when

Accepted Answer

A)  the witnesses do not experience social pressure. 
B)  the misinformation seems highly probable. 
C)  the witnesses are praised for their memory performance. 
D)  the witnesses are tested for explicit memory, rather than implicit memory. 
A)  the witnesses do not experience social pressure. 
B)  the misinformation seems highly probable. 
C)  the witnesses are praised for their memory performance. 
D)  the witnesses are tested for explicit memory, rather than implicit memory.

Question 2

The term autobiographical memory generally refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  research conducted in the laboratory. 
B)  memory for issues and events from your own life. 
C)  remembering that you must do a specific task in the future. 
D)  memory for the events that are related to the lives of relatives and close friends. 
A)  research conducted in the laboratory. 
B)  memory for issues and events from your own life. 
C)  remembering that you must do a specific task in the future. 
D)  memory for the events that are related to the lives of relatives and close friends.

Question 3

Suppose that you performed a classic levels-of-processing memory task. At the time of retrieval, you are asked, "Was there a word on the list that rhymed with log?" You will be most likely to remember the word "dog" if you originally processed it by answering the question,

Accepted Answer

A)  "Is it printed in capital letters?" 
B)  "Does it rhyme with log?" 
C)  "Is it a type of animal?" 
D)  "Does it fit into the sentence: The ____ jumped up on the man." 
A)  "Is it printed in capital letters?" 
B)  "Does it rhyme with log?" 
C)  "Is it a type of animal?" 
D)  "Does it fit into the sentence: The ____ jumped up on the man."

Question 4

In general, self-reference instructions

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance memory in the laboratory, but not in real-life settings. 
B)  enhance short-term memory, but not long-term memory. 
C)  enhance memory in a wide variety of situations. 
D)  are actually no more effective than instructions to use shallow processing. 
A)  enhance memory in the laboratory, but not in real-life settings. 
B)  enhance short-term memory, but not long-term memory. 
C)  enhance memory in a wide variety of situations. 
D)  are actually no more effective than instructions to use shallow processing.

Question 5

Researchers have developed several explanations for the observation that people recall information more accurately if they try to connect that information with themselves. Chapter 5 noted that one likely explanation is that people are more likely

Accepted Answer

A)  to use encoding specificity when connecting information to other people, so this problem leads to memory errors. 
B)  to use auditory cues when connecting information to other people, so this problem leads to memory errors. 
C)  to link self-referenced information to a more distinctive and more well-rehearsed set of cues, so this enhances recall. 
D)  to picture themselves in an unusual context, and this novel context enhances recall. 
A)  to use encoding specificity when connecting information to other people, so this problem leads to memory errors. 
B)  to use auditory cues when connecting information to other people, so this problem leads to memory errors. 
C)  to link self-referenced information to a more distinctive and more well-rehearsed set of cues, so this enhances recall. 
D)  to picture themselves in an unusual context, and this novel context enhances recall.

Question 6

What can we conclude about the encoding-specificity principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Context effects are very clear-cut, especially in laboratory research. 
B)  Current research suggests no evidence for the encoding-specificity principle. 
C)  Context effects are often demonstrated in our daily experiences, but the effect is relatively weak in laboratory research. 
D)  Context effects are especially prominent when the material has been well learned. 
A)  Context effects are very clear-cut, especially in laboratory research. 
B)  Current research suggests no evidence for the encoding-specificity principle. 
C)  Context effects are often demonstrated in our daily experiences, but the effect is relatively weak in laboratory research. 
D)  Context effects are especially prominent when the material has been well learned.

Question 7

What is one explanation that Craik and his colleagues propose for the reason why a deep level of processing leads to greater recall?

Accepted Answer

A)  At a deep level, you recognize the patterns more efficiently. 
B)  Deep levels make the stimulus different from other memory traces in the system; it's more distinctive. 
C)  Deep levels place more emphasis on vivid physical characteristics of the material. 
D)  Encoding specificity is more likely to occur. 
A)  At a deep level, you recognize the patterns more efficiently. 
B)  Deep levels make the stimulus different from other memory traces in the system; it's more distinctive. 
C)  Deep levels place more emphasis on vivid physical characteristics of the material. 
D)  Encoding specificity is more likely to occur.

Question 8

Suppose that you have been looking at a magazine that contains a number of photos of attractive desserts, including one of a lemon meringue pie. Later, someone asks you what your favorite dessert is, and you reply "lemon meringue pie," You actually like other desserts equally well, though they were not among those original photos. This example is most like

Accepted Answer

A)  an explicit-memory task. 
B)  an implicit-memory task. 
C)  a mood-congruent task. 
D)  a procedural memory task. 
A)  an explicit-memory task. 
B)  an implicit-memory task. 
C)  a mood-congruent task. 
D)  a procedural memory task.

Question 9

The chapter on long-term memory discussed the research by Talarico and Rubin, about students' memory for how they learned about the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. According to this research,

Accepted Answer

A)  the students were overconfident that their recall of the event was accurate. 
B)  the number of inconsistent details, supplied by the students, stayed the same over time. 
C)  the students' recall was much more accurate for the terrorist attack than for an ordinary event. 
D)  the students' memory for the terrorist attack actually included more inconsistent details than consistent details. 
A)  the students were overconfident that their recall of the event was accurate. 
B)  the number of inconsistent details, supplied by the students, stayed the same over time. 
C)  the students' recall was much more accurate for the terrorist attack than for an ordinary event. 
D)  the students' memory for the terrorist attack actually included more inconsistent details than consistent details.

Eyewitness testimony is most likely accurate accurate when

The term autobiographical memory generally refers to

Suppose that you performed a classic levels-of-processing memory task. At the time of retrieval, you are asked, "Was there a word on the list that rhymed with log?" You will be most likely to remember the word "dog" if you originally processed it by answering the question,

In general, self-reference instructions

Researchers have developed several explanations for the observation that people recall information more accurately if they try to connect that information with themselves. Chapter 5 noted that one likely explanation is that people are more likely

What can we conclude about the encoding-specificity principle?

What is one explanation that Craik and his colleagues propose for the reason why a deep level of processing leads to greater recall?

The chapter on long-term memory discussed the research by Talarico and Rubin, about students' memory for how they learned about the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. According to this research,

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

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Exam 5: Long-Term Memory

Eyewitness testimony is most likely accurate accurate when

The term autobiographical memory generally refers to

Suppose that you performed a classic levels-of-processing memory task. At the time of retrieval, you are asked, "Was there a word on the list that rhymed with log?" You will be most likely to remember the word "dog" if you originally processed it by answering the question,

In general, self-reference instructions

Researchers have developed several explanations for the observation that people recall information more accurately if they try to connect that information with themselves. Chapter 5 noted that one likely explanation is that people are more likely

What can we conclude about the encoding-specificity principle?

What is one explanation that Craik and his colleagues propose for the reason why a deep level of processing leads to greater recall?

The chapter on long-term memory discussed the research by Talarico and Rubin, about students' memory for how they learned about the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. According to this research,

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters