Question 1

In the working-memory model, which of the following cognitive activities would the central executive be most likely to perform?

Accepted Answer

A)  Representing the information from a geometry problem 
B)  Deciding which items on a list should be remembered and which should be forgotten. 
C)  Actively transferring the information from working memory into sensory memory 
D)  Listening to a series of words in random order. 
A)  Representing the information from a geometry problem 
B)  Deciding which items on a list should be remembered and which should be forgotten. 
C)  Actively transferring the information from working memory into sensory memory 
D)  Listening to a series of words in random order.

Question 2

Amy recently saw a Broadway musical. As she listens to the soundtrack in her car a few days later, she forms clear visual images of the scenes from the show. This may cause her to experience difficulty driving, because of the limited capacity of her

Accepted Answer

A)  central executive. 
B)  visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  phonological loop. 
D)  episodic buffer. 
A)  central executive. 
B)  visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  phonological loop. 
D)  episodic buffer.

Question 3

Which of the following students' statements best characterizes Baddeley's view of working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sam: "Working memory has four separate components, each with its own specialized kind of cognitive activity." 
B)  Lois: "Working memory consists of two components, short-term working memory and long-term working memory." 
C)  Kyung: "Working memory is an activated state of the more general long-term memory store." 
D)  Manuel: "Current research shows that there really is no important difference between working memory and long-term memory." 
A)  Sam: "Working memory has four separate components, each with its own specialized kind of cognitive activity." 
B)  Lois: "Working memory consists of two components, short-term working memory and long-term working memory." 
C)  Kyung: "Working memory is an activated state of the more general long-term memory store." 
D)  Manuel: "Current research shows that there really is no important difference between working memory and long-term memory."

Question 4

McCabe and colleagues note that the concept of the central executive in cognitive psychology is very similar to the concept of _______ in the cognitive neurosciences.

Accepted Answer

A)  the prefrontal executive attention network 
B)  hemispheric specialization 
C)  buffering 
D)  brain plasticity 
A)  the prefrontal executive attention network 
B)  hemispheric specialization 
C)  buffering 
D)  brain plasticity

Question 5

You will have difficulty reading your textbook if you are simultaneously singing the words to your favorite song. How would Baddeley explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  The words from the textbook and the words from the song will interfere with each other in the phonological loop. 
B)  The visuospatial sketchpad is overcrowded, because both of these tasks have a strong visual component. 
C)  The central executive cannot handle two verbal tasks at the same time. 
D)  The singing prevents the words in your textbook from passing directly from semantic memory into long-term memory. 
A)  The words from the textbook and the words from the song will interfere with each other in the phonological loop. 
B)  The visuospatial sketchpad is overcrowded, because both of these tasks have a strong visual component. 
C)  The central executive cannot handle two verbal tasks at the same time. 
D)  The singing prevents the words in your textbook from passing directly from semantic memory into long-term memory.

Question 6

In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of short-term memory, the concept called "control processes"

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasizes iconic memory. 
B)  emphasizes information that is presented too quickly to be remembered. 
C)  is a strategy that helps you remember items more accurately. 
D)  is a strategy that involves vision, instead of hearing. 
A)  emphasizes iconic memory. 
B)  emphasizes information that is presented too quickly to be remembered. 
C)  is a strategy that helps you remember items more accurately. 
D)  is a strategy that involves vision, instead of hearing.

Question 7

People with _____ often show problems in daily functioning because their excessive worrying takes up so much of their working memory capacity that it reduces their ability to perform cognitive tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  major depression 
B)  ADHD 
C)  schizophrenia 
D)  GAD 
A)  major depression 
B)  ADHD 
C)  schizophrenia 
D)  GAD

Question 8

Suppose that you are trying to read the name of a psychologist who studies creativity, "Csikszentmihalyi." You find that you are silently pronouncing his name as you read it, because

Accepted Answer

A)  your visuospatial sketchpad can maintain only a limited amount of information. 
B)  challenging words are automatically shunted off to the central executive. 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop are both activated, because of the spatial nature of the unfamiliar letter sequence 
D)  the phonological loop plays a role in reading, as well as in memory. 
A)  your visuospatial sketchpad can maintain only a limited amount of information. 
B)  challenging words are automatically shunted off to the central executive. 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop are both activated, because of the spatial nature of the unfamiliar letter sequence 
D)  the phonological loop plays a role in reading, as well as in memory.

Question 9

According to the neuroscience research on the phonological loop,

Accepted Answer

A)  studies using the single-cell recording technique in humans have located the phonological loop in the auditory cortex. 
B)  the left temporal lobe and the frontal lobe are activated by auditory tasks. 
C)  the right temporal lobe and the frontal lobe are activated by auditory tasks. 
D)  no systematic activation patterns have yet been discovered. 
A)  studies using the single-cell recording technique in humans have located the phonological loop in the auditory cortex. 
B)  the left temporal lobe and the frontal lobe are activated by auditory tasks. 
C)  the right temporal lobe and the frontal lobe are activated by auditory tasks. 
D)  no systematic activation patterns have yet been discovered.

Question 10

Baddeley's model of working memory points out that

Accepted Answer

A)  the capacity of the visuospatial sketchpad is limited. 
B)  the limits of the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad depend upon one another; if one process is active, the other cannot handle new material. 
C)  all material must pass from the phonological loop into the visuospatial sketchpad. 
D)  the phonological loop simply stores material, whereas the visuospatial sketchpad actively reinterprets that information. 
A)  the capacity of the visuospatial sketchpad is limited. 
B)  the limits of the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad depend upon one another; if one process is active, the other cannot handle new material. 
C)  all material must pass from the phonological loop into the visuospatial sketchpad. 
D)  the phonological loop simply stores material, whereas the visuospatial sketchpad actively reinterprets that information.

Question 11

Suppose that you have been studying some terms related to your course in biopsychology. After you have been studying for about 15 minutes, you find that you are having more trouble learning and remembering new terms. This problem is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the episodic buffer. 
B)  the chunking phenomenon. 
C)  subvocalization. 
D)  proactive interference. 
A)  the episodic buffer. 
B)  the chunking phenomenon. 
C)  subvocalization. 
D)  proactive interference.

Question 12

Suppose that you have been watching a figure skating competition. You close your eyes and you try to remember how the last skater performed her final jump, then glided to the center of the rink and finished with a spin. The component of your working memory that is now most active is

Accepted Answer

A)  the phonological loop. 
B)  the visuospatial sketchpad. 
C)  the episodic buffer. 
D)  the central executive 
A)  the phonological loop. 
B)  the visuospatial sketchpad. 
C)  the episodic buffer. 
D)  the central executive

Question 13

Suppose you are accustomed to driving a car in which the switch for the windshield wipers is located to the left of the steering wheel. Then you borrow a friend's car. To use the wipers on this car, you must activate the switch to the right of the steering wheel, but you keep reaching toward the left. You are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference. 
B)  the phonological loop. 
C)  the effects of "magical number seven." 
D)  a real-life version of the Brown/Peterson & Peterson test of memory. 
A)  proactive interference. 
B)  the phonological loop. 
C)  the effects of "magical number seven." 
D)  a real-life version of the Brown/Peterson & Peterson test of memory.

Question 14

Chapter 4 discusses characteristics of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). According to this discussion, people with ADHD are especially likely to have difficulty with which of the following components of working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The phonological loop 
B)  The visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  The episodic buffer 
D)  The central executive 
A)  The phonological loop 
B)  The visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  The episodic buffer 
D)  The central executive

Question 15

Imagine that you have volunteered to participate in some psychology research. The researcher tells you to look at several words briefly and then count backwards for about half a minute before recalling those words. The researcher is probably measuring

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory memory. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  short-term memory. 
D)  semantic memory. 
A)  sensory memory. 
B)  long-term memory. 
C)  short-term memory. 
D)  semantic memory.

Question 16

Chapter 4 described research by LJRomero Lauro and her colleagues, which used a method called "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation." These authors concluded that

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory really is a storehouse that has a limit of 5-9 items. 
B)  the left parietal lobe and the left frontal lobe are both relevant when you are reading long sentences with complex grammar. 
C)  the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere are equally involved in language comprehension. 
D)  the left hemisphere is relevant for long sentences, whereas the right hemisphere is relevant for complex sentences. 
A)  working memory really is a storehouse that has a limit of 5-9 items. 
B)  the left parietal lobe and the left frontal lobe are both relevant when you are reading long sentences with complex grammar. 
C)  the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere are equally involved in language comprehension. 
D)  the left hemisphere is relevant for long sentences, whereas the right hemisphere is relevant for complex sentences.

Question 17

According to the introduction of Chapter 4, one important function of working memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  to provide a template that makes it easier to recognize objects. 
B)  to store knowledge about a wide variety of topics. 
C)  to provide a large storage space for all your current sights, sounds, and other perceptual experiences. 
D)  to coordinate your current mental activities. 
A)  to provide a template that makes it easier to recognize objects. 
B)  to store knowledge about a wide variety of topics. 
C)  to provide a large storage space for all your current sights, sounds, and other perceptual experiences. 
D)  to coordinate your current mental activities.

Question 18

Researchers in neuroscience, over the past two decades, have spent a great deal of time working on the

Accepted Answer

A)  executive attention network. 
B)  central executive processor. 
C)  phonological loop. 
D)  visuospatial sketch pad. 
A)  executive attention network. 
B)  central executive processor. 
C)  phonological loop. 
D)  visuospatial sketch pad.

Question 19

Suppose that a study examines whether people have trouble creating a mental image of a famous painting while they are watching a cartoon on television. You would expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A)  contrary to Baddeley's theory, the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad clearly work together on most tasks. 
B)  people have trouble on a task that employs the visuospatial sketchpad, if they are simultaneously performing another visual task. 
C)  watching the cartoon actually enhances your accuracy when you use your visuospatial sketchpad to create a mental image of a painting. 
D)  people have trouble on this task unless they transfer all information to the episodic buffer. 
A)  contrary to Baddeley's theory, the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad clearly work together on most tasks. 
B)  people have trouble on a task that employs the visuospatial sketchpad, if they are simultaneously performing another visual task. 
C)  watching the cartoon actually enhances your accuracy when you use your visuospatial sketchpad to create a mental image of a painting. 
D)  people have trouble on this task unless they transfer all information to the episodic buffer.

Question 20

Suppose that you are calculating your recent expenses, and you are adding up five As you begin to calculate the final sum, you feel that you've reached the limits of your memory. This strain can be traced to

Accepted Answer

A)  the difficulty of keeping all this material in your working memory. 
B)  the difficulty of transferring material from working memory to long-term memory. 
C)  a conflict between top-down and bottom-up processing. 
D)  material that is larger than the span of sensory memory. 
A)  the difficulty of keeping all this material in your working memory. 
B)  the difficulty of transferring material from working memory to long-term memory. 
C)  a conflict between top-down and bottom-up processing. 
D)  material that is larger than the span of sensory memory.

In the working-memory model, which of the following cognitive activities would the central executive be most likely to perform?

Amy recently saw a Broadway musical. As she listens to the soundtrack in her car a few days later, she forms clear visual images of the scenes from the show. This may cause her to experience difficulty driving, because of the limited capacity of her

Which of the following students' statements best characterizes Baddeley's view of working memory?

McCabe and colleagues note that the concept of the central executive in cognitive psychology is very similar to the concept of _______ in the cognitive neurosciences.

You will have difficulty reading your textbook if you are simultaneously singing the words to your favorite song. How would Baddeley explain this phenomenon?

In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of short-term memory, the concept called "control processes"

People with _____ often show problems in daily functioning because their excessive worrying takes up so much of their working memory capacity that it reduces their ability to perform cognitive tasks.

Suppose that you are trying to read the name of a psychologist who studies creativity, "Csikszentmihalyi." You find that you are silently pronouncing his name as you read it, because

According to the neuroscience research on the phonological loop,

Baddeley's model of working memory points out that

Suppose that you have been studying some terms related to your course in biopsychology. After you have been studying for about 15 minutes, you find that you are having more trouble learning and remembering new terms. This problem is an example of

Suppose that you have been watching a figure skating competition. You close your eyes and you try to remember how the last skater performed her final jump, then glided to the center of the rink and finished with a spin. The component of your working memory that is now most active is

Chapter 4 discusses characteristics of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). According to this discussion, people with ADHD are especially likely to have difficulty with which of the following components of working memory?

Imagine that you have volunteered to participate in some psychology research. The researcher tells you to look at several words briefly and then count backwards for about half a minute before recalling those words. The researcher is probably measuring

Chapter 4 described research by LJRomero Lauro and her colleagues, which used a method called "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation." These authors concluded that

According to the introduction of Chapter 4, one important function of working memory is

Researchers in neuroscience, over the past two decades, have spent a great deal of time working on the

Suppose that a study examines whether people have trouble creating a mental image of a famous painting while they are watching a cartoon on television. You would expect to find that

Suppose that you are calculating your recent expenses, and you are adding up five As you begin to calculate the final sum, you feel that you've reached the limits of your memory. This strain can be traced to

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 4: Working Memory

In the working-memory model, which of the following cognitive activities would the central executive be most likely to perform?

Amy recently saw a Broadway musical. As she listens to the soundtrack in her car a few days later, she forms clear visual images of the scenes from the show. This may cause her to experience difficulty driving, because of the limited capacity of her

Which of the following students' statements best characterizes Baddeley's view of working memory?

McCabe and colleagues note that the concept of the central executive in cognitive psychology is very similar to the concept of _______ in the cognitive neurosciences.

You will have difficulty reading your textbook if you are simultaneously singing the words to your favorite song. How would Baddeley explain this phenomenon?

In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of short-term memory, the concept called "control processes"

People with _____ often show problems in daily functioning because their excessive worrying takes up so much of their working memory capacity that it reduces their ability to perform cognitive tasks.

Suppose that you are trying to read the name of a psychologist who studies creativity, "Csikszentmihalyi." You find that you are silently pronouncing his name as you read it, because

According to the neuroscience research on the phonological loop,

Baddeley's model of working memory points out that

Suppose that you have been studying some terms related to your course in biopsychology. After you have been studying for about 15 minutes, you find that you are having more trouble learning and remembering new terms. This problem is an example of

Suppose that you have been watching a figure skating competition. You close your eyes and you try to remember how the last skater performed her final jump, then glided to the center of the rink and finished with a spin. The component of your working memory that is now most active is

Chapter 4 discusses characteristics of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). According to this discussion, people with ADHD are especially likely to have difficulty with which of the following components of working memory?

Imagine that you have volunteered to participate in some psychology research. The researcher tells you to look at several words briefly and then count backwards for about half a minute before recalling those words. The researcher is probably measuring

Chapter 4 described research by LJRomero Lauro and her colleagues, which used a method called "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation." These authors concluded that

According to the introduction of Chapter 4, one important function of working memory is

Researchers in neuroscience, over the past two decades, have spent a great deal of time working on the

Suppose that a study examines whether people have trouble creating a mental image of a famous painting while they are watching a cartoon on television. You would expect to find that

Suppose that you are calculating your recent expenses, and you are adding up five As you begin to calculate the final sum, you feel that you've reached the limits of your memory. This strain can be traced to

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Filters