Question 1

One rad is

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of radiation that deposits 10−2 J of energy into 1 kg of absorbing material. 
B)  the amount of ionizing radiation that will produce 1/3 × 10−9 C of electric charge in 1 cm3 of air under standard conditions. 
C)  the amount of radiation needed for ionization of an atom. 
D)  the amount of radiation needed for dissociation of a molecule. 
E)  the amount of radiation that deposits one erg of energy in 1g of material. 
A)  the amount of radiation that deposits 10−2 J of energy into 1 kg of absorbing material. 
B)  the amount of ionizing radiation that will produce 1/3 × 10−9 C of electric charge in 1 cm3 of air under standard conditions. 
C)  the amount of radiation needed for ionization of an atom. 
D)  the amount of radiation needed for dissociation of a molecule. 
E)  the amount of radiation that deposits one erg of energy in 1g of material.

Question 2

Rutherford's experiment, in which he fired alpha particles of 7.7 MeV kinetic energy at a thin gold foil, showed that nuclei were very much smaller than the size of an atom because

Accepted Answer

A)  some alpha particles passed through the foil undeflected. 
B)  some alpha particles were deflected backwards. 
C)  some alpha particles were captured by the gold nuclei. 
D)  the alpha particles could not get closer than 10−10 m to the gold nuclei. 
E)  the alpha particles split into deuterium nuclei when they encountered the gold nuclei. 
A)  some alpha particles passed through the foil undeflected. 
B)  some alpha particles were deflected backwards. 
C)  some alpha particles were captured by the gold nuclei. 
D)  the alpha particles could not get closer than 10−10 m to the gold nuclei. 
E)  the alpha particles split into deuterium nuclei when they encountered the gold nuclei.

Question 3

One of the naturally occurring radioactive series begins with   . Which of the following isotopes is the stable isotope at the end of this series?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)  None of the above choices can be correct. 
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)  None of the above choices can be correct.

Question 4

In the Lawson number what do the n and   stand for?

Accepted Answer

A)  ion density, critical ignition temperature 
B)  ion density, confinement time 
C)  neutrino density, confinement time 
D)  neutrino density, reaction mean life 
A)  ion density, critical ignition temperature 
B)  ion density, confinement time 
C)  neutrino density, confinement time 
D)  neutrino density, reaction mean life

Question 5

The chart below shows part of the radioactive series beginning with the isotope   . The isotope marked with an X is

Accepted Answer

A) 
  . 
B) 
  . 
C) 
  . 
D) 
  . 
E) 
  . 
A) 
  . 
B) 
  . 
C) 
  . 
D) 
  . 
E) 
  .

Question 6

Radioactive technetium, a gamma emitter, is taken up by the heart muscle in a medical test. The detector for the radiation emitted from the heart could be a

Accepted Answer

A)  Tokamak. 
B)  quarter-wavelength antenna. 
C)  Geiger counter. 
D)  photoelectric tube. 
E)  diffraction grating. 
A)  Tokamak. 
B)  quarter-wavelength antenna. 
C)  Geiger counter. 
D)  photoelectric tube. 
E)  diffraction grating.

Question 7

Which of the effects listed below is not a major effect influencing the binding energy of the nucleus in the liquid-drop model?

Accepted Answer

A)  The volume effect: the binding energy per nucleon is approximately constant when A > 50. 
B)  The surface effect: nucleons in the surface have fewer neighbors. 
C)  The quantum number effect: all nucleons in the nucleus have the same set of quantum numbers. 
D)  The Coulomb repulsion effect: protons repel protons. 
E)  The symmetry effect: stable nuclei tend to have N ≈ Z. 
A)  The volume effect: the binding energy per nucleon is approximately constant when A > 50. 
B)  The surface effect: nucleons in the surface have fewer neighbors. 
C)  The quantum number effect: all nucleons in the nucleus have the same set of quantum numbers. 
D)  The Coulomb repulsion effect: protons repel protons. 
E)  The symmetry effect: stable nuclei tend to have N ≈ Z.

Question 8

Two nuclei may have equal Z, but different A, because they contain

Accepted Answer

A)  equal numbers of protons and neutrons. 
B)  equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 
C)  different numbers of protons but equal numbers of neutrons. 
D)  different numbers of protons and neutrons. 
E)  electrons as well as neutrons. 
A)  equal numbers of protons and neutrons. 
B)  equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 
C)  different numbers of protons but equal numbers of neutrons. 
D)  different numbers of protons and neutrons. 
E)  electrons as well as neutrons.

Question 9

How can a nucleus be described by particular values of A, Z and N when the mass of the nucleus is not equal to Zmp + Nmn, where mp and mn are the masses of free protons and neutrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  A, Z and N have no intrinsic meaning. 
B)  A, Z and N describe the number of particles of given types, but mass has no meaning when part of the mass is elsewhere in the universe. 
C)  A, Z and N describe the number of particles an ideal rather than a real nucleus would have. 
D)  A, Z and N describe the number of particles of given types in the nucleus, but not their masses in a bound state. 
E)  A, Z and N describe the number of particles of given types in the nucleus since the missing mass consists of electrons that are also present in the nucleus. 
A)  A, Z and N have no intrinsic meaning. 
B)  A, Z and N describe the number of particles of given types, but mass has no meaning when part of the mass is elsewhere in the universe. 
C)  A, Z and N describe the number of particles an ideal rather than a real nucleus would have. 
D)  A, Z and N describe the number of particles of given types in the nucleus, but not their masses in a bound state. 
E)  A, Z and N describe the number of particles of given types in the nucleus since the missing mass consists of electrons that are also present in the nucleus.

Exam 44: Nuclear Structure

One rad is

Rutherford's experiment, in which he fired alpha particles of 7.7 MeV kinetic energy at a thin gold foil, showed that nuclei were very much smaller than the size of an atom because

One of the naturally occurring radioactive series begins with . Which of the following isotopes is the stable isotope at the end of this series?

In the Lawson number what do the n and stand for?

The chart below shows part of the radioactive series beginning with the isotope . The isotope marked with an X is

Radioactive technetium, a gamma emitter, is taken up by the heart muscle in a medical test. The detector for the radiation emitted from the heart could be a

Which of the effects listed below is not a major effect influencing the binding energy of the nucleus in the liquid-drop model?

Two nuclei may have equal Z, but different A, because they contain

How can a nucleus be described by particular values of A, Z and N when the mass of the nucleus is not equal to Zmp + Nmn, where mp and mn are the masses of free protons and neutrons?

Physics and Measurement

Motion in One Dimension

Vectors

Motion in Two Dimensions

The Laws of Motion

Circular Motion and Other Applications of Newtons Laws

Energy of a System

Conservation of Energy

Linear Momentum and Collisions

Rotation of a Rigid Object About a Fixed Axis

Angular Momentum

Static Equilibrium and Elasticity

Universal Gravitation

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Wave Motion

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Image Formation

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Introduction to Quantum Physics

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How can a nucleus be described by particular values of A, Z and N when the mass of the nucleus is not equal to Zm_p + Nm_n, where m_p and m_n are the masses of free protons and neutrons?