Exam 1: The Microbial World

Differential selection and reproduction of phenotypes occurs during a process called

Compare and contrast the leading causes of death in 1900 with the leading causes of death today. What roles have microbiologists played in the dramatic changes that are evident?

Explain why only anaerobic bacteria inhabited Earth for the first two billion years of its existence.

In what/which domain(s) of life is/are microorganisms represented?

The disease anthrax is caused by the pathogenic bacterium ________, which produces heat-resistant structures known as ________.

Microbial control in wastewaters would most logically be a part of

Explain why infectious diseases are much less lethal in developed countries than in underdeveloped countries.

What field focuses specifically on the use of microbes to make products, such as antibiotics, on a large scale?

Explain the nature and function of an enrichment culture.

Microbial biochemistry most specifically involves the discovery of microbial ________ and the ________ they perform.

Which of the following types of microscopy could be used to visualize the layers of the cell membrane and the cell wall?

Microbes were first formally observed during the mid-1600s, but the cell theory was not enunciated until 1839. Write a brief essay explaining why microbiology did not become a formally recognized science until Louis Pasteur's and Robert Koch's time.

Explain how you would use Robert Koch's postulates to determine that Streptococcus pyogenes is the causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis ("strep throat").

A Pasteur flask has a(n)

Cyanobacteria and purple sulfur bacteria both obtain energy from light. However, only the ________ are capable of releasing ________.

Most microorganisms are pathogenic.

Robert Koch contributed to the field of microbiology by being the first person to

Bacillus anthracis deficient in its ability to differentiate would not be able to

According to our present understanding, each of the three major domains has what is known as its own universal ancestor.

Sergei Winogradsky worked with bacteria involved in cycling nitrogen and sulfur.