Question 1

Penetration requires that the entire virus is inserted within the host.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Why was the discovery of retroviruses important to the field of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

The discovery of retroviruses was import

Question 3

Compare and contrast the structure, life cycle, and host cell type of naked and enveloped viruses.

Accepted Answer

A naked virus lacks an envelope and is c

Question 4

Some bacteriophage possess an enzyme similar to ________, which makes a small hole in the bacterial cell wall, allowing the viral nucleic acid to enter.

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidoglycanase 
B)  infectase 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  nuclease 
A)  peptidoglycanase 
B)  infectase 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  nuclease

Question 5

The T4 bacteriophage could not infect Staphylococcus aureus because this bacterium does NOT possess a

Accepted Answer

A)  lipopolysaccharide outer membrane. 
B)  teichoic acid outer membrane. 
C)  pili. 
D)  flagella. 
A)  lipopolysaccharide outer membrane. 
B)  teichoic acid outer membrane. 
C)  pili. 
D)  flagella.

Question 6

For a virus to cause a latent infection, it must possess

Accepted Answer

A)  ssDNA. 
B)  ds DNA. 
C)  dsRNA. 
D)  Any type of viral genome can lead to a latent infection. 
A)  ssDNA. 
B)  ds DNA. 
C)  dsRNA. 
D)  Any type of viral genome can lead to a latent infection.

Question 7

Viruses can confer additional properties on their host cells, which can in turn be inherited.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

All of the following can act as receptors for various bacteriophages EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  iron transport proteins. 
B)  flagella. 
C)  Sugar transporters. 
D)  cilia. 
A)  iron transport proteins. 
B)  flagella. 
C)  Sugar transporters. 
D)  cilia.

Question 9

The growth of viruses in a culture is described as a one-step growth curve, because

Accepted Answer

A)  virion numbers show no increase during intracellular replication and can only be counted after the virions burst from the host cell. 
B)  there is only one step in the viral life cycle which leads to only one replicative cycle in a culture. 
C)  assembly and release actually occur in one step. 
D)  the eclipse phase prevents the plating and enumeration of virions although new virions are produced at a steady rate during the eclipse phase. 
A)  virion numbers show no increase during intracellular replication and can only be counted after the virions burst from the host cell. 
B)  there is only one step in the viral life cycle which leads to only one replicative cycle in a culture. 
C)  assembly and release actually occur in one step. 
D)  the eclipse phase prevents the plating and enumeration of virions although new virions are produced at a steady rate during the eclipse phase.

Question 10

When a solution composed of bacteria and infectious virions are mixed and spread on an agar plate, ________ form where viruses lyse the host cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  insertion sequences 
B)  plaques 
C)  prophages 
D)  colonies 
A)  insertion sequences 
B)  plaques 
C)  prophages 
D)  colonies

Question 11

Although T4 encodes over 250 proteins, it does not encode its own RNA polymerase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The size and shape of viral particles is largely governed by the size and packaging of the viral

Accepted Answer

A)  envelope. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  prophage. 
D)  genome. 
A)  envelope. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  prophage. 
D)  genome.

Question 13

Reverse transcriptase is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. 
C)  RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. 
D)  DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. 
A)  RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. 
C)  RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. 
D)  DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Question 14

Predict the properties of viral populations in the human colon given that the colon contains a very high concentration of rapidly dividing bacteria. Predict as many viral properties as you can with this information.

Accepted Answer

The large intestine contains bacteria be

Question 15

Viral replication is

Accepted Answer

A)  independent of the host cell's DNA but dependent on the host cell's enzymes and metabolism. 
B)  independent of both the host cell's DNA and the host cell's enzymes and metabolism. 
C)  dependent on the host cell's DNA and RNA. 
D)  dependent on the host cell's DNA, RNA, enzymes, and metabolism. 
A)  independent of the host cell's DNA but dependent on the host cell's enzymes and metabolism. 
B)  independent of both the host cell's DNA and the host cell's enzymes and metabolism. 
C)  dependent on the host cell's DNA and RNA. 
D)  dependent on the host cell's DNA, RNA, enzymes, and metabolism.

Question 16

The life cycle of lambda phage is controlled by accumulation of repressor proteins. For lysogeny to occur

Accepted Answer

A)  cI protein predominates. 
B)  Cro protein predominates. 
C)  cII protein is repressed. 
D)  cI protein is repressed. 
A)  cI protein predominates. 
B)  Cro protein predominates. 
C)  cII protein is repressed. 
D)  cI protein is repressed.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lambda is a temperate phage that infects Escherichia coli. 
B)  Lambda is a linear double-stranded DNA phage. 
C)  Lambda is replicated by the rolling circle mechanism. 
D)  Lambda always circularizes upon entering the host cell. 
A)  Lambda is a temperate phage that infects Escherichia coli. 
B)  Lambda is a linear double-stranded DNA phage. 
C)  Lambda is replicated by the rolling circle mechanism. 
D)  Lambda always circularizes upon entering the host cell.

Question 18

Propose a unique target for a drug that would inhibit replication of retroviruses in humans.

Accepted Answer

Students could choose to discuss proteas

Question 19

The packaging mechanism of T4 DNA involves cutting of DNA from

Accepted Answer

A)  linear genetic elements. 
B)  circular genetic elements. 
C)  DNA concatemers. 
D)  its host cells. 
A)  linear genetic elements. 
B)  circular genetic elements. 
C)  DNA concatemers. 
D)  its host cells.

Question 20

The latent phase in the viral growth curve and the lag phase of the bacterial growth curve are equivalent and represent the time it takes for the virus or bacterium to adapt to the culture conditions and begin growing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Viruses and Their Replication

Penetration requires that the entire virus is inserted within the host.

Why was the discovery of retroviruses important to the field of molecular biology?

Compare and contrast the structure, life cycle, and host cell type of naked and enveloped viruses.

Some bacteriophage possess an enzyme similar to ________, which makes a small hole in the bacterial cell wall, allowing the viral nucleic acid to enter.

The T4 bacteriophage could not infect Staphylococcus aureus because this bacterium does NOT possess a

For a virus to cause a latent infection, it must possess

Viruses can confer additional properties on their host cells, which can in turn be inherited.

All of the following can act as receptors for various bacteriophages EXCEPT

The growth of viruses in a culture is described as a one-step growth curve, because

When a solution composed of bacteria and infectious virions are mixed and spread on an agar plate, ________ form where viruses lyse the host cells.

Although T4 encodes over 250 proteins, it does not encode its own RNA polymerase.

The size and shape of viral particles is largely governed by the size and packaging of the viral

Reverse transcriptase is a(n)

Predict the properties of viral populations in the human colon given that the colon contains a very high concentration of rapidly dividing bacteria. Predict as many viral properties as you can with this information.

Viral replication is

The life cycle of lambda phage is controlled by accumulation of repressor proteins. For lysogeny to occur

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Propose a unique target for a drug that would inhibit replication of retroviruses in humans.

The packaging mechanism of T4 DNA involves cutting of DNA from

The latent phase in the viral growth curve and the lag phase of the bacterial growth curve are equivalent and represent the time it takes for the virus or bacterium to adapt to the culture conditions and begin growing.

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