Question 1

Linking an ORF with a specific function is an example of gene

Accepted Answer

A)  annotation. 
B)  assembly. 
C)  codon bias. 
D)  expression. 
A)  annotation. 
B)  assembly. 
C)  codon bias. 
D)  expression.

Question 2

RNA-Seq analysis is a method aimed at defining a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolome. 
B)  transcriptome. 
C)  interactome. 
D)  metagenome. 
A)  metabolome. 
B)  transcriptome. 
C)  interactome. 
D)  metagenome.

Question 3

The key characteristic of third-generation sequencing is the ability to sequence single molecules of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Summarize the evolution of sequencing technology beginning with the Sanger method.

Accepted Answer

The first generation of DNA sequencing u

Question 5

Mobile DNA elements are more common in the genomes of

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea. 
B)  hyperthermophiles. 
C)  rapidly evolving species. 
D)  pathogens. 
A)  Archaea. 
B)  hyperthermophiles. 
C)  rapidly evolving species. 
D)  pathogens.

Question 6

Horizontally transferred genes typically encode essential metabolic functions such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When compared with Bacteria, species of Archaea seem to devote a higher percentage of their genomes to genes encoding proteins involved in

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription. 
B)  energy and coenzyme production. 
C)  cell membrane functions. 
D)  carbohydrate metabolism. 
A)  transcription. 
B)  energy and coenzyme production. 
C)  cell membrane functions. 
D)  carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 8

Which method is most commonly used in metabolomics?

Accepted Answer

A)  ion torrent semiconductor sequencing 
B)  mass spectrometry 
C)  2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 
D)  Sanger method 
A)  ion torrent semiconductor sequencing 
B)  mass spectrometry 
C)  2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 
D)  Sanger method

Question 9

The evolutionary origin of mitochondria is demonstrated by which of the following key genomic characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable numbers of protein-encoding genes 
B)  large stretches of AT-rich DNA 
C)  linear and circular genome structure in different organisms 
D)  rRNA genes most closely related to Bacteria 
A)  variable numbers of protein-encoding genes 
B)  large stretches of AT-rich DNA 
C)  linear and circular genome structure in different organisms 
D)  rRNA genes most closely related to Bacteria

Question 10

Knowledge of an organism's genome sequence yields important clues to how an organism functions and its evolutionary history.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Many of the genes in the chloroplast genome encode proteins involved in ________, whereas mitochondrial genomes primarily encode proteins involved in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  autotrophy / DNA replication 
B)  photosynthesis / glycolysis 
C)  autotrophy / glycolysis 
D)  photosynthesis / oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  autotrophy / DNA replication 
B)  photosynthesis / glycolysis 
C)  autotrophy / glycolysis 
D)  photosynthesis / oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

When analyzing the sequence of genes similar to ones already known, why is the amino acid sequence of the protein more important than the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Over evolutionary time, a nucleotide seq

Question 13

The science that applies powerful computational tools to DNA and protein sequences for the purpose of analyzing, storing, and accessing the sequences for comparative purposes is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  metagenomics. 
B)  proteomics. 
C)  bioinformatics. 
D)  genomics. 
A)  metagenomics. 
B)  proteomics. 
C)  bioinformatics. 
D)  genomics.

Question 14

Genome assembly relies on

Accepted Answer

A)  accurate gene annotation. 
B)  overlap of a large numbers of short sequences. 
C)  codon bias. 
D)  systems biology. 
A)  accurate gene annotation. 
B)  overlap of a large numbers of short sequences. 
C)  codon bias. 
D)  systems biology.

Question 15

Typically ________ of ORFs in a genome cannot clearly be assigned a function. These ORFs are usually assigned and predicted to encode hypothetical proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  < 1% 
B)  5% 
C)  30% 
D)  90% 
A)  < 1% 
B)  5% 
C)  30% 
D)  90%

Question 16

Genomic analysis led to the discovery that pathogenic organisms often lack genes for amino acid biosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Interpret the genomic content of mitochondria in relation to their evolution. How is mitochondrial evolution more complicated than expected?

Accepted Answer

Some mitochondria contain accessory plas

Question 18

The entire complement of RNA produced under a given set of conditions is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  array. 
B)  genome. 
C)  proteome. 
D)  transcriptome. 
A)  array. 
B)  genome. 
C)  proteome. 
D)  transcriptome.

Question 19

________ of prokaryotic genomes are now available in public databases.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dozens 
B)  Hundreds 
C)  Thousands 
D)  Millions 
A)  Dozens 
B)  Hundreds 
C)  Thousands 
D)  Millions

Question 20

Gene families are composed of homologous genes that have different evolutionary origins but the same function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 9: Microbial Systems Biology

Linking an ORF with a specific function is an example of gene

RNA-Seq analysis is a method aimed at defining a(n)

The key characteristic of third-generation sequencing is the ability to sequence single molecules of DNA.

Summarize the evolution of sequencing technology beginning with the Sanger method.

Mobile DNA elements are more common in the genomes of

Horizontally transferred genes typically encode essential metabolic functions such as DNA replication, transcription, and translation.

When compared with Bacteria, species of Archaea seem to devote a higher percentage of their genomes to genes encoding proteins involved in

Which method is most commonly used in metabolomics?

The evolutionary origin of mitochondria is demonstrated by which of the following key genomic characteristics?

Knowledge of an organism's genome sequence yields important clues to how an organism functions and its evolutionary history.

Many of the genes in the chloroplast genome encode proteins involved in ________, whereas mitochondrial genomes primarily encode proteins involved in ________.

When analyzing the sequence of genes similar to ones already known, why is the amino acid sequence of the protein more important than the DNA sequence?

The science that applies powerful computational tools to DNA and protein sequences for the purpose of analyzing, storing, and accessing the sequences for comparative purposes is known as

Genome assembly relies on

Typically ________ of ORFs in a genome cannot clearly be assigned a function. These ORFs are usually assigned and predicted to encode hypothetical proteins.

Genomic analysis led to the discovery that pathogenic organisms often lack genes for amino acid biosynthesis.

Interpret the genomic content of mitochondria in relation to their evolution. How is mitochondrial evolution more complicated than expected?

The entire complement of RNA produced under a given set of conditions is called a(n)

________ of prokaryotic genomes are now available in public databases.

Gene families are composed of homologous genes that have different evolutionary origins but the same function.

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

Filters

Many of the genes in the chloroplast genome encode proteins involved in , whereas mitochondrial genomes primarily encode proteins involved in .