Question 1

What is the difference between a methylotroph and methanotroph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Methylotrophs are strict anaerobes, while methanotrophs are strict aerobes. 
B)  Methylotrophs use organic carbon lacking C-C bonds as electron donors and carbon sources, while methanotrophs exclusively use methane as an electron donor and carbon source. 
C)  Methylotrophs produce organic carbon lacking C-C bonds, while methanotrophs exclusively produce methane. 
D)  Methylotrophs are in Proteobacteria, while methanotrophs are in Archaea. 
A)  Methylotrophs are strict anaerobes, while methanotrophs are strict aerobes. 
B)  Methylotrophs use organic carbon lacking C-C bonds as electron donors and carbon sources, while methanotrophs exclusively use methane as an electron donor and carbon source. 
C)  Methylotrophs produce organic carbon lacking C-C bonds, while methanotrophs exclusively produce methane. 
D)  Methylotrophs are in Proteobacteria, while methanotrophs are in Archaea.

Question 2

The vacuole of the giant sulfide-oxidizing bacterium Thiomargarita namibiensis contains ________ that is used to oxidize hydrogen sulfide under ________ conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrate / anoxic 
B)  sulfate / anoxic 
C)  oxygen / oxic 
D)  sulfur / anoxic 
A)  nitrate / anoxic 
B)  sulfate / anoxic 
C)  oxygen / oxic 
D)  sulfur / anoxic

Question 3

The ecological diversity of microbes is largely dependent on their complex morphological and structural diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Spirilla and spirochetes are closely related bacteria that exhibit a unique corkscrew motility.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following traits do ammonia and nitrite oxidizers share?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemoorganotrophic 
B)  autotrophic 
C)  aerobic 
D)  autotrophic and aerobic 
A)  chemoorganotrophic 
B)  autotrophic 
C)  aerobic 
D)  autotrophic and aerobic

Question 6

There are currently no known predatory bacteria that are adapted to invade or kill nearby cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Dissimilatory iron-oxidation is a relatively new metabolism and is restricted to one unusual phylum of bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Prosthecae are an adaptation for

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic growth. 
B)  cell differentiation under harsh conditions. 
C)  nitrogen fixation. 
D)  low nutrient aquatic environments. 
A)  anaerobic growth. 
B)  cell differentiation under harsh conditions. 
C)  nitrogen fixation. 
D)  low nutrient aquatic environments.

Question 9

Organisms that fix dinitrogen gas into ammonia are called diazotrophs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Compare and contrast two different ecological strategies that sulfide-oxidizing bacteria use to access sulfide and oxygen.

Accepted Answer

Answer could explain any of the strategi

Question 11

Bacteria and Archaea are general single-celled organisms, but some phyla form sheaths around multiple cells to facilitate attachment and filament formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Bioluminescence is a social behavior of bacterial cells that causes luminescence to occur when a dense cell population has been attained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Magnetosomes are specialized magnetic structures, found in iron-reducing bacteria, that aid in chemotaxis towards iron-oxides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

You are looking at a sample from the top green layer of a colorful bacterial mat. Using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, you see evenly spaced cells in the middle of a filament that are slightly smaller than the others. The smaller cells are not fluorescent, indicating they lack photosystem II, but the rest of the filament is fluorescent. What is the most likely function of the smaller cells in the filament?

Accepted Answer

A)  survival in the dark 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  sulfur storage 
D)  nitrate storage 
A)  survival in the dark 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  sulfur storage 
D)  nitrate storage

Question 15

Denitrifying bacteria are often facultative anaerobes, capable of performing other forms of respiration or fermentation as well as nitrate reduction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Prosthecae are thought to be an adaptation to growth in nutrient-rich environments such as sediments and sewage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Bdellovibrio species are ________ cells that replicate in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  symbiotic / gills of clams 
B)  lithotrophic / deep subsurface 
C)  predatory / periplasmic space 
D)  denitrifying / sediments of freshwater lakes 
A)  symbiotic / gills of clams 
B)  lithotrophic / deep subsurface 
C)  predatory / periplasmic space 
D)  denitrifying / sediments of freshwater lakes

Question 18

Functional traits can be shared between organisms with divergent SSU rRNA gene sequences because

Accepted Answer

A)  functional traits may be lost by different lineages over time. 
B)  functional traits may evolve independently in different lineages over time. 
C)  horizontal gene transfer can result in the transfer of genes between divergent lineages. 
D)  functional traits may evolve independently, be shared through horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent lineages. 
A)  functional traits may be lost by different lineages over time. 
B)  functional traits may evolve independently in different lineages over time. 
C)  horizontal gene transfer can result in the transfer of genes between divergent lineages. 
D)  functional traits may evolve independently, be shared through horizontal gene transfer, or be lost in divergent lineages.

Question 19

Bioluminescence develops when

Accepted Answer

A)  population density is high. 
B)  oxygen is depleted. 
C)  ambient light is low. 
D)  the host induces the bioluminescence genes. 
A)  population density is high. 
B)  oxygen is depleted. 
C)  ambient light is low. 
D)  the host induces the bioluminescence genes.

Question 20

Escherichia coli is a chemoorganotrophic, facultative aerobe and belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria. Based on this information, which of the following functional groups does E. coli most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

A)  green sulfur bacteria 
B)  ammonia-oxidizing bacteria 
C)  denitrifying bacteria 
D)  nitrite-oxidizing bacteria 
A)  green sulfur bacteria 
B)  ammonia-oxidizing bacteria 
C)  denitrifying bacteria 
D)  nitrite-oxidizing bacteria

Exam 15: Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

What is the difference between a methylotroph and methanotroph?

The vacuole of the giant sulfide-oxidizing bacterium Thiomargarita namibiensis contains ________ that is used to oxidize hydrogen sulfide under ________ conditions.

The ecological diversity of microbes is largely dependent on their complex morphological and structural diversity.

Spirilla and spirochetes are closely related bacteria that exhibit a unique corkscrew motility.

Which of the following traits do ammonia and nitrite oxidizers share?

There are currently no known predatory bacteria that are adapted to invade or kill nearby cells.

Dissimilatory iron-oxidation is a relatively new metabolism and is restricted to one unusual phylum of bacteria.

Prosthecae are an adaptation for

Organisms that fix dinitrogen gas into ammonia are called diazotrophs.

Compare and contrast two different ecological strategies that sulfide-oxidizing bacteria use to access sulfide and oxygen.

Bacteria and Archaea are general single-celled organisms, but some phyla form sheaths around multiple cells to facilitate attachment and filament formation.

Bioluminescence is a social behavior of bacterial cells that causes luminescence to occur when a dense cell population has been attained.

Magnetosomes are specialized magnetic structures, found in iron-reducing bacteria, that aid in chemotaxis towards iron-oxides.

Denitrifying bacteria are often facultative anaerobes, capable of performing other forms of respiration or fermentation as well as nitrate reduction.

Prosthecae are thought to be an adaptation to growth in nutrient-rich environments such as sediments and sewage.

Bdellovibrio species are ________ cells that replicate in the ________.

Functional traits can be shared between organisms with divergent SSU rRNA gene sequences because

Bioluminescence develops when

Escherichia coli is a chemoorganotrophic, facultative aerobe and belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria. Based on this information, which of the following functional groups does E. coli most likely belong to?

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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The vacuole of the giant sulfide-oxidizing bacterium Thiomargarita namibiensis contains that is used to oxidize hydrogen sulfide under conditions.

Bdellovibrio species are cells that replicate in the .