Exam 25: Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

The α-toxin of Clostridium perfringens is

The toxic lipopolysaccharides produced by most gram-negative bacteria are called exotoxins.

Which of the following hemolysins is a phospholipase?

Describe the difference between the use of streptokinase and coagulase as a defense mechanism among pathogens.

Which of the following is more likely to cause urinary tract infections?

The Limulus amebocyte lysate assay is used to detect endotoxin in clinical samples such as serum or cerebrospinal fluid.

Why is fever a common result of endotoxin exposure?

The process by which white blood cells ingest and kill bacteria is called

Streptococcus pneumonia strains with capsules were called smooth because of their appearance on plates.

Streptococcus mutans produces dextran to aid in attachment to tooth surfaces.

An opportunistic pathogen causes disease ONLY in the presence of normal host resistance.

Which of the following does NOT affect pathogen growth?

Exotoxins are ________, but endotoxins are ________.

Which of the following is NOT important for the adherence of bacteria to host tissues?

The spread of pathogens through the blood and lymph systems that results in a bloodborne systemic infection is called

Influenza virus targets

The macromolecules responsible for bacterial adherence that are NOT covalently attached to bacteria are collectively called

Diphtheria toxin inactivates elongation factor 2 by catalyzing the attachment of adenosine diphosphate ribose from NAD⁺.

Pathogenicity islands are clusters of genes for virulence factors that are located together on the bacterial chromosome.

Because malnutrition can make the immune system weaker, the number of Vibrio cholera cells necessary to produce cholera in an exposed individual is drastically reduced in individuals with substantial malnutrition.