Question 1

When do visual looming and development of size constancy occur?

Accepted Answer

A) They are present at birth. 
B) They do not begin to develop until near the end of the first year of life. 
C) They develop completely in the first 6 months of life. 
D) They develop at different periods during the first year of life 
A) They are present at birth. 
B) They do not begin to develop until near the end of the first year of life. 
C) They develop completely in the first 6 months of life. 
D) They develop at different periods during the first year of life

Question 2

Describe the auditory capabilities of the full-term newborn infant.

Accepted Answer

The auditory capabilities of a full-term

Question 3

Which statement best characterizes the results of research regarding infant language perception?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants cannot distinguish the sounds that make up their parents' languages until they begin to talk. 
B) Infant perception of the sounds that make up languages is very similar to an adult's perception. 
C) Infants lose the ability to distinguish some sounds as they acquire language. 
D) Infants are much worse than adults at perceiving sounds that are not part of the language they hear spoken on a regular basis. 
A) Infants cannot distinguish the sounds that make up their parents' languages until they begin to talk. 
B) Infant perception of the sounds that make up languages is very similar to an adult's perception. 
C) Infants lose the ability to distinguish some sounds as they acquire language. 
D) Infants are much worse than adults at perceiving sounds that are not part of the language they hear spoken on a regular basis.

Question 4

Describe four techniques that can be used to assess sensory and perceptual capabilities in infants.

Accepted Answer

1. Preferential looking: This technique

Question 5

In Pavlov's experiment, what type of stimulus or response is the dog's salivation to the sound of the bell?

Accepted Answer

A) an unconditioned stimulus 
B) a conditioned stimulus 
C) a conditioned response 
D) an unconditioned response 
A) an unconditioned stimulus 
B) a conditioned stimulus 
C) a conditioned response 
D) an unconditioned response

Question 6

Of the following stimuli, which would be most likely to attract a neonate's visual attention?

Accepted Answer

A) a random display of red, white, and yellow disks 
B) a simple pattern 
C) a human face 
D) a bull's-eye pattern 
A) a random display of red, white, and yellow disks 
B) a simple pattern 
C) a human face 
D) a bull's-eye pattern

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) parents withholding a child's allowance because she spit on her brother 
B) parents allowing a child to play a video game after completing her homework 
C) a child being given a time out because he grabbed a toy from another child 
D) a child whose parents do not ground or scold him whenever he disobeys their curfew 
A) parents withholding a child's allowance because she spit on her brother 
B) parents allowing a child to play a video game after completing her homework 
C) a child being given a time out because he grabbed a toy from another child 
D) a child whose parents do not ground or scold him whenever he disobeys their curfew

Question 8

Research indicates that young children (16 to 24 months of age) learn through observation.According to these research findings, what behaviours are older children most likely to imitate?

Accepted Answer

A) highly emotional responses 
B) angry and frustrated responses 
C) socially inappropriate responses 
D) routines and regulations 
A) highly emotional responses 
B) angry and frustrated responses 
C) socially inappropriate responses 
D) routines and regulations

Question 9

Which statement best characterizes the effects of punishment on a child's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) It is more likely than reinforcement to result in permanent changes in behaviour. 
B) It is always effective for controlling behaviour. 
C) It always involves the teaching of appropriate behaviour. 
D) It temporarily suppresses the behaviour it is intended to eliminate. 
A) It is more likely than reinforcement to result in permanent changes in behaviour. 
B) It is always effective for controlling behaviour. 
C) It always involves the teaching of appropriate behaviour. 
D) It temporarily suppresses the behaviour it is intended to eliminate.

Question 10

Recent studies suggest that experienced crawling infants avoid the drop-off on the visual cliff because they are increasingly aware of the affordances for balance and locomotion.What is evidence for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A) Novice walkers walk over the drop-off. 
B) Novice crawlers avoid the drop-off. 
C) Experienced walkers walk over the drop-off. 
D) Babies just learning to sit have a strong fear response to the drop-off. 
A) Novice walkers walk over the drop-off. 
B) Novice crawlers avoid the drop-off. 
C) Experienced walkers walk over the drop-off. 
D) Babies just learning to sit have a strong fear response to the drop-off.

Question 11

When can infants begin to perceive basic colours?

Accepted Answer

A) by the seventh month of pregnancy 
B) at birth 
C) at 3 months of age 
D) at 6 months of age 
A) by the seventh month of pregnancy 
B) at birth 
C) at 3 months of age 
D) at 6 months of age

Question 12

Suppose you allow an infant several minutes to "study" a checkerboard pattern.Then you present a checkerboard with a different number of squares and measure changes to his or her brain waves.What research method would you be using?

Accepted Answer

A) preferential looking 
B) dishabituation 
C) evoked potential 
D) enriched perception 
A) preferential looking 
B) dishabituation 
C) evoked potential 
D) enriched perception

Question 13

Daphne Maurer and colleagues demonstrated a developmental progression in the ability to use different pieces of information for face recognition.According to their research findings, what is the correct developmental sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) contours/features/configural processing 
B) features/contours/configural processing 
C) configural processing/features/ contours 
D) contours/configural processing/features 
A) contours/features/configural processing 
B) features/contours/configural processing 
C) configural processing/features/ contours 
D) contours/configural processing/features

Question 14

Kenjurô is a 4-month-old infant who is taking part in a research study investigating auditory perception.As Kenjurô sucks on a pacifier he hears soft music playing and he begins to drift off to sleep.As he falls asleep, he stops sucking on the pacifier and the recording switches to his mother's voice reading a story.In this example, what research method is the researcher using?

Accepted Answer

A) preference 
B) evoked sucking 
C) habituation 
D) high-amplitude sucking 
A) preference 
B) evoked sucking 
C) habituation 
D) high-amplitude sucking

Question 15

What is the most frequently diagnosed disease among infants and preschoolers?

Accepted Answer

A) mumps 
B) measles 
C) chicken pox 
D) otitis media 
A) mumps 
B) measles 
C) chicken pox 
D) otitis media

Question 16

Which of the following statements best summarizes the view of enrichment theorists regarding objective reality and perceptual development?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no objective reality; all perception is socially constructed. 
B) There is an objective reality, and we must interpret that reality using our cognitive schemes. 
C) There is an objective reality that requires no interpretation because it is the same for everyone. 
D) There is no objective reality, but our cognitions allow us to interpret our sensations to create our own reality. 
A) There is no objective reality; all perception is socially constructed. 
B) There is an objective reality, and we must interpret that reality using our cognitive schemes. 
C) There is an objective reality that requires no interpretation because it is the same for everyone. 
D) There is no objective reality, but our cognitions allow us to interpret our sensations to create our own reality.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best characterizes how Gibson viewed a child's learning of distinctive features?

Accepted Answer

A) It is something children need to be taught. 
B) It is an intrinsically motivated process. 
C) It requires external reinforcement. 
D) It involves imposing our knowledge on our sensory experience. 
A) It is something children need to be taught. 
B) It is an intrinsically motivated process. 
C) It requires external reinforcement. 
D) It involves imposing our knowledge on our sensory experience.

Question 18

Meagan thinks that using punishment with children is wrong, so she asks you how she can use negative reinforcement to reduce the amount of time that her son spends talking on the telephone.What should you advise Meagan regarding the use of negative reinforcement as a disciplinary technique?

Accepted Answer

A) It is cruel and shouldn't be used to discipline children. 
B) It will typically suppress behaviour only temporarily and, therefore, it is not effective over the long term. 
C) It will increase the target behaviour rather than reducing it. 
D) It works only if it is accompanied by positive punishment. 
A) It is cruel and shouldn't be used to discipline children. 
B) It will typically suppress behaviour only temporarily and, therefore, it is not effective over the long term. 
C) It will increase the target behaviour rather than reducing it. 
D) It works only if it is accompanied by positive punishment.

Question 19

Explain how operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning.Provide an example that illustrates your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning differs from classi

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding infant facial recognition is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Inner facial features are preferred over outer facial features. 
B) Only outer facial features are used for facial recognition. 
C) Infants only a few hours old prefer their mother's face over that of a female stranger. 
D) Infants prefer their mother's face over that of a female stranger once they are 4 to 6 months old. 
A) Inner facial features are preferred over outer facial features. 
B) Only outer facial features are used for facial recognition. 
C) Infants only a few hours old prefer their mother's face over that of a female stranger. 
D) Infants prefer their mother's face over that of a female stranger once they are 4 to 6 months old.

When do visual looming and development of size constancy occur?

Describe the auditory capabilities of the full-term newborn infant.

Which statement best characterizes the results of research regarding infant language perception?

Describe four techniques that can be used to assess sensory and perceptual capabilities in infants.

In Pavlov's experiment, what type of stimulus or response is the dog's salivation to the sound of the bell?

Of the following stimuli, which would be most likely to attract a neonate's visual attention?

Which of the following best illustrates negative reinforcement?

Research indicates that young children (16 to 24 months of age) learn through observation.According to these research findings, what behaviours are older children most likely to imitate?

Which statement best characterizes the effects of punishment on a child's behaviour?

Recent studies suggest that experienced crawling infants avoid the drop-off on the visual cliff because they are increasingly aware of the affordances for balance and locomotion.What is evidence for this finding?

When can infants begin to perceive basic colours?

Suppose you allow an infant several minutes to "study" a checkerboard pattern.Then you present a checkerboard with a different number of squares and measure changes to his or her brain waves.What research method would you be using?

Daphne Maurer and colleagues demonstrated a developmental progression in the ability to use different pieces of information for face recognition.According to their research findings, what is the correct developmental sequence?

What is the most frequently diagnosed disease among infants and preschoolers?

Which of the following statements best summarizes the view of enrichment theorists regarding objective reality and perceptual development?

Which of the following statements best characterizes how Gibson viewed a child's learning of distinctive features?

Meagan thinks that using punishment with children is wrong, so she asks you how she can use negative reinforcement to reduce the amount of time that her son spends talking on the telephone.What should you advise Meagan regarding the use of negative reinforcement as a disciplinary technique?

Explain how operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning.Provide an example that illustrates your explanation.

Which of the following statements regarding infant facial recognition is most accurate?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters

Exam 7: Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

When do visual looming and development of size constancy occur?

Describe the auditory capabilities of the full-term newborn infant.

Which statement best characterizes the results of research regarding infant language perception?

Describe four techniques that can be used to assess sensory and perceptual capabilities in infants.

In Pavlov's experiment, what type of stimulus or response is the dog's salivation to the sound of the bell?

Of the following stimuli, which would be most likely to attract a neonate's visual attention?

Which of the following best illustrates negative reinforcement?

Research indicates that young children (16 to 24 months of age) learn through observation.According to these research findings, what behaviours are older children most likely to imitate?

Which statement best characterizes the effects of punishment on a child's behaviour?

Recent studies suggest that experienced crawling infants avoid the drop-off on the visual cliff because they are increasingly aware of the affordances for balance and locomotion.What is evidence for this finding?

When can infants begin to perceive basic colours?

Suppose you allow an infant several minutes to "study" a checkerboard pattern.Then you present a checkerboard with a different number of squares and measure changes to his or her brain waves.What research method would you be using?

Daphne Maurer and colleagues demonstrated a developmental progression in the ability to use different pieces of information for face recognition.According to their research findings, what is the correct developmental sequence?

What is the most frequently diagnosed disease among infants and preschoolers?

Which of the following statements best summarizes the view of enrichment theorists regarding objective reality and perceptual development?

Which of the following statements best characterizes how Gibson viewed a child's learning of distinctive features?

Meagan thinks that using punishment with children is wrong, so she asks you how she can use negative reinforcement to reduce the amount of time that her son spends talking on the telephone.What should you advise Meagan regarding the use of negative reinforcement as a disciplinary technique?

Explain how operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning.Provide an example that illustrates your explanation.

Which of the following statements regarding infant facial recognition is most accurate?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development: the Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory, Cases Neo-Piagetian Theory, and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development

Moral Development and Aggression

The Family

Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Technologies

Filters