Exam 7: Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning

Which statement best characterizes the different emphases of the various models of perceptual development as presented in the textbook?

When is the earliest point in development that classical conditioning has been demonstrated with infants?

Describe the negative side effects that have been found to be associated with severe punishments, and then describe two nonaversive punishment strategies.

Which statement best summarizes the findings of Gibson's research on the ability to differentiate letters and children's reading ability?

Becca, a 3-month-old, is placed in a looking chamber and shown two different pictures at the same time.The researcher carefully records how long Becca looks at each picture.In this example, which method is the researcher using?

Lisette is 6, Julia is 10, and Jacqueline is 14.They were all shown pictures of two girls with common external facial contours, but different internal features such as the shape of the lips and the eyes.Based on Daphne Maurer's research, which child would you expect detect differences between the two pictures?

Reginald is 6 weeks old.As part of a research study, he is presented with a sensory incongruity in which he hears his mother's voice coming from his right while his mother is sitting to his left.How is Reginald likely to react to this situation?

The measurement of which of the following is assessed by the evoked potential method when studying sensation?

Which statement best characterizes the results of experiments that have used the visual cliff apparatus with infants who are 6 1/2 months old?

Two-month-old infants show a decrease in heart rate when placed on the deep side of a visual cliff apparatus, but no change in heart rate when placed on the shallow side.What does this difference in heart rate indicate about the infant's perception of depth?

Summarize the auditory perceptual capabilities in neonates (0-1 week), regarding voice recognition and reactions to speech and language.

In Pavlov's experiment what type of stimulus or response does the sound of the bell represent over repeated trials?

Lionel is 4 months old.According to research findings regarding infant perception of language sounds, which of the following statements best describes what Lionel can detect?

Even though John dislikes algebra, he studies very hard and usually does well on exams.Unfortunately, when he is asked how to do one of the problems that he had answered correctly only one week earlier, he is unable to generate the correct answer.According to Domjan's definitions of learning, what accounts for John's failure?

Identify one common ear infection among infants and preschool children and discuss the long-term consequences of recurring ear infections for cognitive development.

Ned has been throwing food at lunch, so his preschool teacher makes Ned sit in the time-out chair for three minutes.The teacher's response exemplifies which principle of operant conditioning?

Differentiate between sensation and perception, and provide a single example that illustrates this distinction.

Lawrence knows that a quarter is precisely the same size regardless of whether he looks at it from far away or up close.In order to understand this concept, what aspect of visual perception has Lawrence acquired?

The use of which of the following strategies is most likely to result in long-term inhibition of inappropriate behaviour?

Identify four elements in classical conditioning, and provide an illustrative example of each component.