Exam 3: Hereditary Influences on Development

According to Rowe and Plomin's research, what can you conclude if nonshared environmental influences are found to play a major role in the development of personality traits?

If two homozygous parents have normal vision, what allele for vision will their gametes carry?

Suppose that the similarity between pairs of individuals increases for a trait the closer the individuals are in kinship.What can you conclude regarding the relative influence of heredity and environment on the trait?

What is the term for how genes can be altered without altering the underlying DNA?

Summarize each of the genotype/environment correlations proposed by Scarr and McCartney (1983).

Marjory is 45 years old and Jason is 51 years old.Marjory has just become pregnant and both are worried about having a child at their ages.Which prenatal screening procedure would their doctor most likely advise to rule out chromosomal abnormalities?

Moe and Jayme are twins.Even though Moe is a boy and Jayme is a girl, they look alike.On the basis of this information, what can you conclude about Moe and Jayme?

Given that you know the heritability coefficient for a specific trait or characteristic, what can you conclude?

Describe gene replacement therapy and germline gene therapy, and discuss the ethical issues associated with each of these forms of treatment.

Some women display recessive sex-linked traits such as colour blindness.When this occurs, what can you infer about the genotype and phenotype for each of the parents?

The correlation in IQ scores between monozygotic twins reared together is higher than that between dizygotic twins reared together.What does this difference indicate about role of environmental and genetic factors in the development of intellectual ability?

Rachel has exceptional vision.What is her vision an example of with respect to genotype and phenotype?

What is the prognosis for infants who are born with a hereditary defect in metabolism such as cystic fibrosis or phenylketonuria?

Genetic uniqueness is ensured by the Mendelian principle of independent assortment and by another process that occurs during meiosis.What is that process?

Scarr and McCartney propose that the environments children prefer and seek out are ones that are compatible with their genetic predispositions.What did they call this type of influence?

Imagine that behavioural geneticists have found a way to measure the characteristic of having a "sweet tooth." The correlation between twin pairs is .95 for monozygotic twins and .90 for dizygotic twins.Based on this information, what would a behavioural geneticist conclude about the influence of genes and environment on this trait?

Raj is colour blind, yet every one of his four children has normal colour vision.Which of Raj's grandchildren are most likely to be colour blind?

Which mode of transmission occurs when a trait is controlled by a recessive gene on the X chromosome?

What would a researcher need to know to estimate the influence of nonshared environmental influences on a particular trait?

What did Scarr and McCartney consider when they proposed that passive, active, and evocative gene influences all contribute to determine developmental outcomes?